Decentralization in Regional Fiscal Systems in Russia: Trends and Links to Economic Performance

... cross -regional variation of main parameters and factor analysis of decentralization (e) Finally, we have used the data to explore the links between decentralization and regional economic performance, which ... establishing and strengthening of democratic institutions (Inman and Rubinfeld, 1997) By conventional measures fiscal decentralization in Russia has been evolving quite successfully in 90-es ... interesting to explore the impact of decentralization on fiscal performance within the sample of Russian regions Changes in a degree of decentralization lead to substantive modifications in institutional...

Fiscal Centralization and Decentralization in Russia and China: Elliott Parker and Judith Thornton docx

... Fiscal Centralization and Decentralization in Russia and China Elliott Parker University of Nevada, Reno and Judith Thornton University of Washington December 31, 2006 Abstract: In this ... growth and stability Yet, while fiscal decentralization fostered rapid growth in China, in Russia, de facto fiscal decentralization had dire consequences Russia s decentralization was an unintended ... by a recentralization of tax revenues to the center, beginning in 1995 in China and in 1999 in Russia In China, the tax reform of 1994 established clear tax sharing rules, assigning a growing share...

Bank Savings and Bank Credits in Nigeria: Determinants and Impact on Economic Growth doc

... main determinant of financial savings in Nigeria” However, real rate is still Bank Savings and Bank Credits in Nigeria: Determinants and Impact on Economic Growth 367 significant in impacting on ... effects on economic Bank Savings and Bank Credits in Nigeria: Determinants and Impact on Economic Growth 361 growth As a result the focus of many recent works on the financial sector has been on deepening ... National Bank Savings and Bank Credits in Nigeria: Determinants and Impact on Economic Growth 359 Bureau of statistics (NBS) estimated Nigeria’s Gross National Saving in 1993 to be N63.4 billion...

Báo cáo " Post - systemic - functional achievements in language studies and applications to the postgraduate courses structuring syllabus " pptx

... ideational/reflective, interpersonal/active and textual These help people (or actually speakers of all the language communities) to understand the environment, to act on the others in it, and also to interpret the ... verbal and beyond: vision and imagination need careful and empirical investigation in years to come Recent studies of cognitive linguistics in Vietnam In Vietnam, together with the advances in linguistic ... cultural) interpretation (the sentence "It's stuffy in here" may imply "Open the door please "or, otherwise, "Switch on the aircon, will you !" or even "I'm going to lose consciousness !" (pragmatically...

báo cáo hóa học:" The "Excellence in Translational Medicine" and "Bedside-to-Bench" Awards 2007–08" doc

... depleting agents and their efficacy in cancer patients With congratulations to Ying Jiang [3], Louise RodinoKlapac [4] and Mary Ann Rasku [5] and co-workers, the 2nd "Excellence in Translational Medicine" ... tumour-associated antigens and thereby, represent a major obstacle to immunotherapy Thus, reducing their number or inhibiting their effector functions intuitively has the potential of increasing the efficacy ... development include gene replacement therapy In the report by Rodino-Klapac et al [4], co-recipient of the "Excellence in Translational Award" for 2007–08, the demonstration and applicability of the...

Báo cáo hóa học: " The “Excellence in Translational Medicine” and “Bedside-to-Bench” Awards 2008-09" pptx

... ART in perinatal HIV-infection With congratulations to Hye-Won Chung [3] and to Raffaele Badolato and their respective co-workers, the 3rd “Excellence in Translational Medicine” and 2nd “Bedside-to-Bench” ... as: Ablin et al.: The “Excellence in Translational Medicine” and “Bedside-to-Bench” Awards 2008-09 Journal of Translational Medicine 2010 8:95 Submit your next manuscript to BioMed Central and take ... capable of inhibiting several viruses, including HIV With the foregoing in perspective, the study by Badolato et al [4] provides an exemplarly example of translational research Therein, they utilized...

Wind Farm Impact in Power System and Alternatives to Improve the Integration Part 1 ppt

... capability of wind units to work within a power factor range between 0.95 leading and Wind Farm – Impact in Power System and Alternatives to Improve the Integration 0.95 lagging Modern wind units ... already included in the formulation Finally, conclusions and future researches are shown 4 Wind Farm – Impact in Power System and Alternatives to Improve the Integration Impact of wind energy on power ... to 4) outlines aspects related to the impact of the wind power generation on the electric system In the second part (Chapters to 10 ), alternatives to mitigate problems of the wind farm integration...

Wind Farm Impact in Power System and Alternatives to Improve the Integration Part 2 potx

... model or a linear model for the system dynamics about the steady state operating point On the other 22 Wind Farm – Impact in Power System and Alternatives to Improve the Integration hand dynamic ... a line and extending it until it intersects the IG circle in Pm The most important thing to note is that the stability 32 Wind Farm – Impact in Power System and Alternatives to Improve the Integration ... complex power plane is done using the method described in sec 2. 2.1 and equations (22 ) and (23 ) Fig 12 shows mapping of the constraints of fig 11 into the complex power plane The shaded area in Fig...

Wind Farm Impact in Power System and Alternatives to Improve the Integration Part 3 pot

... 46 Wind Farm – Impact in Power System and Alternatives to Improve the Integration Average power: 30 5. 138 kW p 10 Proportional to vind power (v3) Generated power (kW) 3p = 1 ,36 Hz 6p 9p 12p Power ... each generator (or 60 Wind Farm – Impact in Power System and Alternatives to Improve the Integration small group of them) has a transformer to raise the LV generated by the wind turbine (typically ... senϕ + X· I·cos ϕ + U0 X Solving for P and Q given in (1) and substituting in the previous, 52 Wind Farm – Impact in Power System and Alternatives to Improve the Integration P Q I·cos ϕ = ; I·...

Wind Farm Impact in Power System and Alternatives to Improve the Integration Part 4 potx

... Wind Farm – Impact in Power System and Alternatives to Improve the Integration In the next step of the analysis, the influence of the cable length in the range of 20Km to 110Km is evaluated The ... relation to understanding the nature, propagation and effects of the harmonics 66 Wind Farm – Impact in Power System and Alternatives to Improve the Integration Power transmission lines 2.1 Power ... different in function of its location in the inter-turbine grid, i.e there is not the same equivalent impedance at the output of the 25th wind turbine and at the output of the 30th wind turbine 84 Wind...

Wind Farm Impact in Power System and Alternatives to Improve the Integration Part 5 pptx

... P is the real power in Watts, ρ is air density in kg/m3, A is the rotor area in m2, and Cp is the power coefficient 100 Wind Farm – Impact in Power System and Alternatives to Improve the Integration ... shows the wind speed (top) and the real power (bottom) produced by a wind farm Fig Wind speed (a) and the real power produced (b) by a wind farm 101 FACTS: Its Role in the Connection of Wind Power ... connecting Main -Wind changes the flow direction of power to wind- main The new transmission line Main -Wind will reverse the active power flowing from Main towards Wind originally at 6.60 MW to a...

Wind Farm Impact in Power System and Alternatives to Improve the Integration Part 6 docx

... upper/lower storage basins init init Ssup , Sinf Final state of of upper/lower storage basins at the end of optimization period finit fin Ssup , Sinf 130 Wind Farm – Impact in Power System and Alternatives ... are: wind power forecasting and stochastic nature of the grid, which are realized as a change in the cost of penalty (the price of 134 Wind Farm – Impact in Power System and Alternatives to Improve ... represents the time 132 Wind Farm – Impact in Power System and Alternatives to Improve the Integration interdependence of various values during operation Constraints described below are applicable to the...

Wind Farm Impact in Power System and Alternatives to Improve the Integration Part 7 pot

... is to maximize the benefits of the wind energy selling to the electrical network This strategy allowed a 142 Wind Farm – Impact in Power System and Alternatives to Improve the Integration significant ... 140 Wind Farm – Impact in Power System and Alternatives to Improve the Integration ( ) j -2 -4 -6 -8 -30 -20 -10 10 20 30 Fig 21 Objective function’s variation in relation to the produced wind power ... voltage of the converter, and Iref is the direct-current set point of the converter Fig Power coefficient Cp versus TSR λ 150 Wind Farm – Impact in Power System and Alternatives to Improve the Integration...

Wind Farm Impact in Power System and Alternatives to Improve the Integration Part 8 pot

... connected online in Rhodes power system Table depicts the wind turbine technology and the size of each wind farm 174 Wind Farm – Impact in Power System and Alternatives to Improve the Integration ... illustrates the wind speed time series applied as input to an ASIG wind turbine inside wind farm WFC Notice that the wind turbine is simulated at an average wind speed 182 Wind Farm – Impact in Power System ... farms are quite small, the wind speeds seen by the wind farms can be highly correlated 180 Wind Farm – Impact in Power System and Alternatives to Improve the Integration Figure illustrates the...

Wind Farm Impact in Power System and Alternatives to Improve the Integration Part 9 potx

... Shedding (MW) 49. 29 -0.48 49. 49 -0.48 49. 41 -0.48 49. 49 -0.36 49. 32 -0.36 Table Results for SCENb– loss of largest infeed 198 Wind Farm – Impact in Power System and Alternatives to Improve the Integration ... these two wind farms produce in total 15 MW – 9% of the total demand In the same figure, the results for Droop control implemented in the wind farm level or the wind turbine level are included ... 190 Wind Farm – Impact in Power System and Alternatives to Improve the Integration and the capability of modern wind farms to provide auxiliary frequency control is demonstrated Frequency definitions...

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