... monopole antenna using a particle swarm optimization approach,” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol 53, no 10, pp 1–7, 2005 [24] J Robinson and Y Rahmat-Samii, Particle swarm optimization ... Ho, A S Madhukumar, and F Chin, “Peak-to-average power reduction using partial transmit sequences: a suboptimal approach based on dual layered phase sequencing,” IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, ... 16, and 32 100 Pr (PAPR > PAPR0 ) a generation Gn = 40, we can see that the PSO -based PTS technique is capable of attaining a near OPTS technique performance, when Pr (PAPR > PAPR0 ) = 10−3 In...