... results of irreversible Carnot heat engine with linear phenomenological heat transfer law [54, 57] If n = , they are the results of irreversible Carnot heat engine with radiative heat transfer law ... optimal ecological performance of the Carnot heat engine with heat resistance and heat leakage ( m ≠ 0, n ≠ 0, q > 0, Φ = ), and optimal ecological performance of the irreversible Carnot heat engine ... [51] Carnot heat engines by using a complex heat transfer law, including generalized convective heat transfer law [ Q ∝ (∆T )n ][18, 39-41, 47, 48] and generalized radiative heat transfer law [...