... efforts are more cooperative and creative. Because HPWS place greater responsibility on workers at the operational level, it “saves on administrative overhead [layers of management are eliminated] ... capability that is greater than it would be without it. Because of this relationship, the organization has a productive capacity greater than what could be attributed to the sum of all the other assets/resources ... Productivity, and Corporate Financial Performance,” Academy of Management Journal, 48(3), 635-672. Ichniowski, Casey; Shaw, Kathryn; and Prennushi, Giovanna. 1997. The Effects of Human Resource Management...