... ⁄ Akt signaling was not necessary for EGFinduced protection of TMK -1 cells against apoptosis Role of AP1 in EGF-mediated cell protection A B C MAP kinase signaling provides an alternative pathway ... induced by DNA-damaging agents Oncogene 17 , 13 1 14 1 15 Geier A, Beery R, Haimsohn M, Hemi R, Malik Z & Karasik A (19 94) Epidermal growth factor, phorbol esters, and aurintricarboxylic acid are survival ... the MAP kinase cascade [49] Our study showed that EGF caused a substantial increase in AP1 DNA binding In addition, this increase was prevented by MAP kinase kinase inhibitor PD98059 (Fig 5A) The...