... feature of being involved in host responses to injury and infection [8] Most notably, in humans these include not only the receptor and accessory protein for IL-1, but also the IL-18 receptor and its ... This expanding IL-1R1-like family includes murine and human proteins, Drosophila (fruit fly) proteins, and a plant (tobacco) protein [7,8] In Drosophila, Toll is involved in the rapid and transient ... Rosenberg IM, Brandwein SL, Beck PL, Reinecker HC, Podolsky DK: Lipopolysaccharide activates distinct signaling pathways in intestinal epithelial cell lines expressing Toll-like receptors J Immunol...