... required for code design, for example, algebra, combina-torial mathematics, number theory, graph theory, statistics, and probability theory Step 5. Evaluate the code designed: Check-bit length, and ... and Failures / 31.2 Error Models / 61.3 Error Recovery Techniques for Dependable Systems / 101.4 Code Design Process for Dependable Systems / 16References / 192 Mathematical Background and ... ỵ vịẳcu ỵ cv for all u, v 2 V and for all scalar c 2 F.(V4) a ỵ bịv ẳ av ỵ bv for all v 2 V and for all scalars a, b 2 F.(V5) abịv ẳ abvị,1v ẳ v, and 0v ẳ 0 for all v 2 V and for all scalarsa,...