... identifying, informing, insisting, predicting, ranking, reporting, stating, stipulating. Directives : advising, admonishing, asking, begging, dismissing, excusing, forbidding, instructing, ... appointing, nominating, suspending, demoting, resigning, abdicating, arresting. Verdictives: Speech acts pronouncing judgment, including acquitting, certifying, disqualifying, clearing, ruling, ... Communicative speech acts Constatives: affirming, alleging, announcing, answering, attributing, claiming, classifying, concurring, confirming, conjecturing, denying, disagreeing, disclosing, disputing,...