... use and patterns of behavior, such as frequency of showering and washing, were different in each season: 53L, 63L, and 51L in spring and fall, summer, and winter, respectively. Thus, the demand ... use in Beijing is 220L——53L, 63L, and 51L in spring and fall, summer, and winter, respectively. Thus, water demand in summer is 1.2 times that of the winter demand. This seasonal tendency is consistent ... half of the national level and 1/10 of the world average (Yang et al., 2005; Guan and Hubacek, 2008). An increasing demand for water, including agricultural, industrial, and municipal purposes uses...