... study including silence/ pauses and time-fillers Then the notions of silence/ pause and time-filler definitions and usages are discussed Chapter Findings and Discussions The strategies of using ... Levinson, S C (1987), Politeness Some universals in laguage Usage Cambridge University Press Canale, M., and Swain, M (1980), Theoretical bases of communicative approaches to 2nd language teaching ... silence /pauses and time-fillers are identified and major cross-cultural differences and similarities discussed Part III Conclusion, in which the main findings are reviewed, the implications for...