... quickly and others do not. That is, the variation in the dependent variables comes from both the time series and the cross-sections, and some pooling of data is necessary to address the questions. ... Edwards 2001 and Arteta, Eichengreen, and Wyplosz 2001. The authors of these papers see Liberalization as having a contingent, rather than direct, effect on growth. The core conclusion of the Edwards ... differ between OECD nations and emerging market nations. How well is the estimated relationship maintained in the second stage of our analysis? We next estimate the effect of the interaction between...