... Lee JY, et al. Vacuolating cytotoxin in Helico-bacter pylori water-soluble proteins upregulates chemokine expression in human eosinophils via Ca2+ influx, mitochondrial reactive oxygen intermediates, ... i n v i t r o and in vivo. Moreo-ver, Hp induces genomic instability in nuclear CA repeats in mice and in mtDNA of AGS cells and chronic gastritis tissue, and this effect in mtDNA is associated ... increase the mtDNA mutation in AGS cells a nd mtDNA mutations have been found in Hp infected gastric ulcer and carcinoma tissues [12,13]. However, the role of ROS in the Hp induced mtDNA mutations...