... efficiently. These are important considerations for financial development in SSA. WP/09/15 The Determinants of Commercial Bank Profitability in Sub-Saharan Africa Valentina Flamini, ... (2005) find a positive, albeit asymmetric, effect on bank profitability in the Greek banking industry, with the cyclical output being significant only in the upper phase of the cycle. The macroeconomic ... Risk, Interest Rate Risk and Off-Balance Sheet Banking,” Journal of banking and Finance 21, 55-87. Athanasoglou P., Delis M. and C. Staikouras (2006). Determinants of Banking Profitability in...