tightness testing of environmental engineering concrete structures
advanced physicochemical treatment technologies volume 5 handbook of environmental engineering
... 20 60 5. 5Primary + (WAS + FeCl3) 1 .5 15 45 3 .5 (Primary + FeCl3) + WAS 1.8 15 45 4WAS 1 10 30 3WAS + FeCl31 10 30 2 .5 Digested primary + WAS 4 20 60 10Digested primary + 4 15 45 8(WAS ... and Lawrence K. Wang 50 51. Introduction 50 52. Operating Characteristics 50 53. SDWA Implementation 50 64. Filtration Treatment Technology Overview 50 6 5. Common Types of Water Filtration Processes ... (1967) 0 253 0 5 2820 10 3330 20 4370 30 6210 40 855 0 50 11,770Li (1977)pH 2.2 25 7840pH 4.1 25 7600pH 6. 15 25 9000pH 7.1 25 9400aSee ref. 42.See refs. 108–111.concentration of ozone...
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encyclopedia of environmental science and engineering, fifth edition
... first term on the right-hand side represents the rate of formation of particles of volume v due to coagulation, and the second term that rate of loss of particles of volume v by coagulation ... (schematic) as function of time of day, over city and country.504030200 5 10 15 20Time of day100-T, (%)FIGURE 7 Concentrations of air pollution (100-T%), as function of time of day, on clear ... overview of the effects of air pollutants and their causes.From a practical standpoint, the most important factor in the control of indoor air pollution is the quality of the ven-tilation of occupied...
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environmental bioengineering handbook of environmental engineering volume 11
... ã Professor, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, ChinaSTEPHEN TIONG-LEE TAY, Ph.D. ã Associate Professor, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, ... Ph.D. ã Professor, Graduate School of Life Science and System Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, JapanKUAN YEOW SHOW, Ph.D. ã Associate Professor, Faculty of Engineering ... typical one-time application would be 112 mt/ha (50 ton/acre). Usually DedicationsThe editors of the Handbook of Environmental Engineering series dedicate this volume tolate Mr. Thomas L. Lanigan...
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environmental biotechnology handbook of environmental engineering volume 10
... the degree of abatement achieved? This book is one of the volumes of the Handbook of Environmental Engineering series. The principal intention of this series is tohelp readers formulate answers ... presented in these handbooks is a logical step in the evolution of environmental engineering. Treatment of the various engineering systems presented will show how an engineering formulation of the subject ... assimilation of atmospheric nitrogen, production of extracellular polysaccharides, trans-port and distribution of nutrients and reduction of oxygen.Microbial communities of environmental engineering...
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code requirements for environmental engineering concrete structures (aci 350-01) and commentary (aci 350r-01)
... document. CODE REQUIREMENTS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING CONCRETE STRUCTURES (ACI 350-01) AND COMMENTARY (ACI 350R-01) REPORTED BY ACI COMMITTEE 350ACI Committee 350 Environmental Engineering Concrete ... intent.It is the function of the commentary to fill this need. CODE REQUIREMENTS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING CONCRETE STRUCTURES (ACI 350-01) AND COMMENTARY (ACI 350R-01) REPORTED BY ACI COMMITTEE ... for Environmental Engineering Concrete Structures (ACI 350-01), hereinafter referred to as the code, provide minimum requirements for environmental engineering concrete struc-tural design and...
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control of cracking in concrete structures
... 224R-113.1—Introduction3.2—Cause of cracking due to drying shrinkage3.3—Drying shrinkage3.4—Factors controlling drying shrinkage of concrete 3.5 Control of shrinkage cracking 3.6—Shrinkage-compensating ... in ACI 209R. Cracking due to drying shrinkagecan never be eliminated in most structures. This chapter cov-ers cracking of hardened concrete due to drying shrinkage,factors influencing shrinkage, ... restraint needed forshrinkage-compensating concrete. To take full advantage of the expansive potential of shrinkage-compensating concrete in minimizing or preventing shrinkage cracking of exposedconcrete...
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control of deflection in concrete structures
... deflection of a two-way reinforced concrete slab.Chapter 5, “Reducing Deflection of Concrete Members,”gives practical and remedial guidelines for improving andcontrolling the deflection of ... strain in the extreme com-pression fiber of a concrete element (0.003 in. /in. )strain at first cracking loadstrain in prestressed reinforcement at ultimateflexureunit shrinkage strain in ... rein-forcementoverall thickness of memberdepth of flangemoment of inertia of cracked section trans-formed to concrete effective moment of inertia for computation of deflection moment of inertia...
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control of deflection in concrete structuresstate-of-the-art report on fiber reinforced plastic (frp) reinforceme
... in reinforcement continues to increase with increasing strainuntil the reinforcement ruptures. The only condition of known forces in an FRP reinforced beam is the balancedcondition where the concrete ... concrete; concrete construction;design; external reinforcement; fibers; fiber reinforced plastic (FRP); mechanical properties; polymer resin; prestressed concrete; reinforcement; reinforced concrete; ... for production of civilengineering applications, including composite -reinforced concrete, are glass, carbon, and aramid. The most commonform of fiber- reinforced composites used in structural...
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design and construction of circular prestressed concrete structures with circumferential tendons
... 2—Materials, p. 373R-97-52.1 Concrete 2.2—Shotcrete and filler materials 2.3—Admixtures Design and Construction of Circular Prestressed Concrete Structures with Circumferential Tendons Reported by ... thewall.1.2—Objective The objective of this report is to provide guidance in the design and construction of circular prestressed concrete structures circumferentially prestressed using tendons. 1.3—Scope The ... the design and construction of circular prestressed concrete structures (commonly referred to as “tanks”)post-tensioned with circumferential tendons. These thin cylindrical shells of either cast-in-place...
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causes, evaluation and repair of cracks in concrete structures
... 201.2R).1.3.4 Weathering-The weathering processes that cancause cracking include freezing and thawing, wetting and drying, and heating and cooling. Cracking of concrete due to natural weathering is usually ... in concrete cover will reduce settlement cracking.1.3-Cracking of hardened concrete 1.3.1 Drying shrinkage-A common cause of cracking in concrete is restrained drying shrinkage. Dryingshrinking ... the causes, evaluation procedures, and methods of repair of cracks in concrete. Chapter 1 presents a summary of the causes of cracks and is designed to provide background for the evaluation of cracks. ...
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guide for the design and construction of fixed offshore concrete structures
... B.11- Other factorscriteriaPREFACE Concrete structures have been used in the North Sea and other offshore areas of the world. With the rapid expansion of knowledge of the behavior of concrete structures ... for consideration by the designer. The design of offshore structures requires much creativity of the designer, and it is intended that this guide permit and encour-age creativity and usage of ... corrosion of the reinforcement and hardware, and abrasion of the concrete. (b) Splash zone-Freeze-thaw durability, corrosion of the reinforcement and hardware and the chemical deterioration of the concrete, ...
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finite element analysis of fracture in concrete structures state of the art
... report describes the state -of- the- art of finite element analysis of fracture in concrete. The twodominant techniques used in finite element modeling of fracture the dis-crete and the smeared approaches—are ... 446.3R-32CHAPTER 1—INTRODUCTION In this report, the state -of- the- art in finite element modeling of concrete is viewed from a fracture mechanics perspective.Although finite element methods for modeling fracture ... arises at446.3R-2 1FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF FRACTURE IN CONCRETE STRUCTURES least partially from fracture of the concrete, other types of non-linearity such as crushing in front of ribs, chemical...
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guide to quality control and testing of high-strength concrete
... 90 to 109 972 91 to 107 1007 97 to 100 99 363.2R-1 7GUIDE TO QUALITY CONTROL AND TESTING OF HIGH-STRENGTH CONCRETE American Concrete Institute116R Cement and Concrete Terminology201.2R Guide ... (1994) and Ottosen (1984). 363.2R-1 5GUIDE TO QUALITY CONTROL AND TESTING OF HIGH-STRENGTH CONCRETE A comprehensive internal quality control protocol thatcovers test procedures; the use, care, and ... sodium salt of a naphthalene sulfonate. 363.2R- 5GUIDE TO QUALITY CONTROL AND TESTING OF HIGH-STRENGTH CONCRETE thawing and deicer scaling should be evaluated by laboratory testing according to ASTM...
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seismic design of liquid-containing concrete structures
... 350Environmental Engineering Concrete Structures SEISMIC DESIGN OF LIQUID-CONTAINING CONCRETE STRUCTURES 350.3/350.3R-1 Seismic Design of Liquid-Containing Concrete Structures (ACI 350.3-01) andCommentary ... Provi-sions for Seismic Design, ” in order to provide a set of thorough and comprehensive procedures for the seismic analysis and design of all types of liquid-containing environmental concrete structures. ... STANDARD/COMMENTARYNotes SEISMIC DESIGN OF LIQUID-CONTAINING CONCRETE STRUCTURES 350.3/350.3R-15STANDARDCOMMENTARY4.1—Earthquake pressures above baseThe walls of liquid-containing structures shall bedesigned...
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tightness testing of environmental engineering concrete structures
... Zoltanetzky Tightness Testing of Environmental Engineering Concrete Structures (ACI 350.1-01) and Commentary (350.1R-01)REPORTED BY ACI COMMITTEE 350ACI Committee 350 Environmental Engineering Concrete ... American Concrete Institute Committee 350, Envi-ronmental Engineering Concrete Structures, recognized theneed for standardized procedures of testing of reinforced concrete structures for water tightness. ... STANDARD/COMMENTARY Notes TIGHTNESS TESTING OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONCRETE STRUCTURES 350.1/350.1R-231. ACI Committee 350, Testing Reinforced Concrete Structures for Watertightness (ACI 350.1R-93/AWWA...
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