... poultry, by income quintile 15 IFPRI Discussion Paper 01011 July 2010 Investigating the Role of Poultry in Livelihoods and the Impact of Avian Flu on Livelihoods Outcomes in Africa Evidence ... measure of the impact of the disease. If one looked only at the impact of HPAI on the income from poultry without accounting for its role in the whole income stream, the effects could be grossly inaccurate ... No information is available on the costs of culling, diagnostic testing of samples, cleaning and disinfection, and other administrative costs (Obi, Oparinde, and Maina 2008). Regarding the impacts...