... weak and when an extensive9. For example, the studies of banking crises in emerging markets by Caprio and Klingebiel(1996a, 1996b), Goldstein and Turner (19 96) , Honohan (1995), and Sundararajan ... been shown to3. See Leiderman and Thorne (19 96) and Calvo and Goldstein (19 96) for an analysis of theMexican crisis.4. These alternative explanations of the Asian crisis are discussed in BIS ... http://www.iie.com 16 ASSESSING FINANCIAL VULNERABILITY By requiring the specification of an explicit early warning window, thesignals approach forces one to be quite specific about the timing of early warnings....