... branch of the linen and wool-
len manufactures, from the growers of the flax and the wool, to the bleach-
ers and smoothers of the linen, or to the dyers and dressers of the cloth!
The nature of ... even that of a nailer in the
remote and inland parts of the Highlands of Scotland. Such a workman at
the rate of a thousand nails a day, and...
... Scotland, who sees the country now, and who saw
it twenty or thirty years ago.
The province of Holland, on the other hand, in proportion to the extent
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of its territory and the number of ... workmen they want, and therefore bid against
one another in order to get as many as they can, which raises the wages of
labour, and lowers the profits of stock. I...
... place
is of very little importance to the real wealth and prosperity of the world,
to the real value of the annual produce of the land and labour of mankind.
Its nominal value, the quantity of gold and ... or of any other part of the
rude produce of land. The real value of gold and silver, therefore, the real
quantity of labour which they can...
... to the subject upon which it is bestowed, and,
consequently, the value of the annual produce of the land and labour of the
whole country, the real wealth and revenue of its inhabitants. If the ... ]
quently the largest portion of the produce of the land is destined for repla-
cing the capital of the rich and independent farmer; the other for p...
... Flanders, in the same manner as the corn in Poland
is at this day exchanged for the wines and brandies of France and for the
silks and velvets of France and Italy.
A taste for the finer and more improved ... chiefly in the exchange
of their own rude for the, manufactured produce of more civilised nations.
Thus the wool of England used to be exchanged for th...
... vigilant and severe the police which looks
after the execution of the law, the greater must be the difference in the
proportion of gold and silver to the annual produce of the land and labour
of ... example, the money price of grass and hay, of
butcher’s meat, of horses, and the maintenance of horses, of land carriage
consequently, or of the...
... disposal of many places of trust and
profit, of many opportunities of acquiring wealth and distinction, which
the possession of the most turbulent, and, to the great body of the people,
the most ... however, cannot be doubted. Some part of the produce of America
is consumed in Hungary and Poland, and there is some demand there for
the sugar, chocolate,...
... the caste of the priests held the
highest rank, and that of the soldiers the next; and in both countries, the
caste of the farmers and labourers was superior to the castes of merchants
and manufacturers.
The ... such parts
of the rude and manufactured produce of its own country as exceeded the
demand of the home market. In the exportation of...
... equally
jealous of one another, and of the king. Though the tenants and retainers
of the clergy, therefore, had both together been less numerous than those of
the great lay-lords, and their tenants were ... every age and country of the world men must have attended to the
16 61
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characters, designs, and actions of one another, and many reputable rules...
... great part of the
revenue arising from both the rent of land and the profits of stock is an-
nually distributed among the same rank in the wages and maintenance of
menial servants, and other unproductive ... by the demand
18 98
[ 4 ]
for it, and partly by the average price of the necessary articles of sub-
676
The Wealth of Nations Adam Smith
plac...