... Stefan.
Digital video quality : vision models and metrics / Stefan Winkler.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-470-02404-6
1. Digital video. 2. Image processing Digital ... is necessary to build computational models of the HVS and integrate
them in tools for perceptual quality assessment.
Digital Video Quality - Vision Models and...
... to hybrid standards such as D2-MAC (analog video,
digital sound) and delayed the introduction of 100 % digital video.
However, the very rapid progress made in compression techniques
and IC technology ... algorithms and modulation schemes, which are explained in
Chapters 6 and 7.
We will now examine the principles and various steps of video
and audio compression which allo...
... orthodox macroeconomics, based on
KEYNES, MONEY AND MODERN MACROECONOMICS
65
7
KEYNES, MONEY AND MODERN
MACROECONOMICS
Colin Rogers
1. Introduction
In a recent review of developments in macroeconomics ... the Chang dynasty (2000– 130 0
BC), in the Mycenian civilization (Greece,
2000– 130 0
BC), in Egypt at the time of the old Empire (2100– 130 0 BC), and
in the Mexican and...
... branch of a major
32 The Rise and Fall of Abacus Banking in Japan and China
tually eliminated liquidity risk, a traditional banking risk. Adams and
Hoshii note:
Due to the readiness of the Bank of ... turns the MOF into the de facto guar-
antor of the soundness of the banking industry.
The Rise of Abacus Banking in Japan 39...
... level.
CHAPTER
3
Contents
3. 1 Introduction
3. 2 The user
interface design
process
3. 3 Design
principles
3. 4 Input
techniques
3. 5 Navigation
models
3. 6 Testing the
user interface
3. 7 Future
developments
3. 8 ...
WAP services to first-class status on devices. That is to say, the reduction or elimination of the distinction between
WAP- based services and the nati...
... contrast
(Michelson, 1 927 ):
C
M
ẳ
L
max
L
min
L
max
ỵ L
min
; 2: 3ị
where L
min
and L
max
are the luminance extrema of the pattern. Figure 2. 12,
the so-called Campbell–Robson chart
{
(Campbell and Robson, ... 17 mm for the eye,
–15 –10 –5 0 5 10 15 20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
20 0
Eccentricity [mm]
Receptors [1000/mm
2
]
Cones
Rods
Optic disc
Figure 2. 6 The dist...
... of visual quality metrics, from simple pixel-based metrics
such as MSE and PSNR to advanced vision- based metrics proposed in recent
years.
Digital Video Quality - Vision Models and Metrics Stefan ... contours and edges.
ARTIFACTS 43
3. 1 VIDEO CODING AND COMPRESSION
Visual data in general and video in particular require large amounts of
bandwidth and sto...
... quality ratings. The CVQE is one of the few vision- model based video
quality metrics designed for and tested with low bitrate video.
3 .4. 4 Specialized Metrics
Metrics based on multi-channel vision ... (from S. Winkler et al. (2001), Vision and video: Models and
applications, in C. J. van den Branden Lambrecht (ed.), Vision Models and Applications to
Image a...
... (from S.
Winkler et al
. (2001), Vision and video:
Models and applications, in C. J. van den Branden Lambrecht (ed.),
Vision Models and Applications to Image and Video
Processing, chap. 10, Kluwer ... motion energy
and combinations thereof.
3 .5. 3 Video Quality Experts Group
The most ambitious performance evaluation of video quality metrics to date
was undertak...
... Lambrecht and Farrell (19 96) .
Digital Video Quality - Vision Models and Metrics Stefan Winkler
# 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd ISBN: 0-470-02404 -6
The impulse responses of the IIR and FIR filters ... single
sub-band, whose actual frequency response is plotted (b) (from S. Winkler et al. (2001),
Vision and video: Models and applications, in C. J. van den Branden...
... (from S. Winkler et al. (2001), Vision and
video: Models and applications, in C. J. van den Branden Lambrecht (ed.), Vision Models
and Applications to Image and Video Processing, chap. 10, Kluwer ... the spatio-temporal mechanisms in the visual system. As discussed in
0 .7 0 .75 0.8 0.85 0.9
0 .73
0 .74
0 .75
0 .76
0 .77
0 .78
0 .79
0.8
0.81
Pearson linear correlati...
... require more specific quality indicators than an overall
rating or a visual distortion map. For instance, it can be useful to assess the
Digital Video Quality - Vision Models and Metrics Stefan Winkler
# ...
sharp
ẳ
R
sharp
~
RR
sharp
and
color
ẳ R
color
~
RR
color
may be combined with the HVS-
136 METRIC EXTENSIONS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1...
... Klassen, R. V. ( 199 8). A comparison of two image quality models. In
Proc. SPIE Human Vision and Electronic Imaging, vol. 3 299 , pp. 98 –1 09, San Jose, CA.
Liang, J., Westheimer, G. ( 199 5). Optical ... parameters (Boynton and Foley, 199 9; Foley
and Chen, 199 9). Watson et al. (2001) incorporated certain aspects of temporal
noise sensitivity and temporal masking into a vid...