... veinsFour veins: 2 right–upper and lower (RUPV and RLPV) 2 left–upper and lower (LUPV and LLPV) 2% population have > 2 PVs from right lungDoppler flow composed of S, D and A waves (Fig. 3 .20 )Swave ... S, D and A waves (Fig. 3 .21 )CS dilated with:RV dysfunctionincreased RAPincreased volume flow, e.g. persistent left SVC66 Transoesophageal Echocardiography ECG PWD S2 S1 D AFig. 3 .20 Pulmonary ... 52 Transoesophageal Echocardiography Short axis view Systole Diastole FS%Basal (cm) 3.7 5.0 50 Mid-pap (cm) 3.5 5.0 57(b)Fig. 3.3a, b (cont.) Vol of disc = H( D1/2D 2 /2) D1...