... activity that does not actually exist in nature. For example, incorporation of unnatural amino acids (for example, p-boronophenylalanine) into proteins is now possible using tRNA synthetases ... point for integrating evolutionary and ecological concepts into synthetic biology research and practice (Figure 1).Lesson 1: Evolution is a source of functional diversity and modularityOne ... JH, Kim TY, Kim HU, Lee SY: Systems meta-bolic engineering of Escherichia coli for L-threonine pro-duction. Mol Syst Biol 2007, 3:149.26. Khosla C, Keasling JD: Metabolic engineering for drug...