... responsibility for the study, designed the research, analyzed and interpret the data, and wrote the final manuscript. All the authors contributed to the revision of the manuscript.Acknowledgements The authors ... proinflammatory state inducibleby cytokines such as TNF-α, they present different bio-logical functions [24,25]. In summary, our results bringnew evidence related to the influence of active smokingon ... depletion and long term oxygen therapy (LTOT) use on systemic inflammation was found.Conclusion: Smoking may influence TNF-α mediated systemic inflammation, which, in turn, may account for some of the...