... However, the role of biomarkers in the evalu-ation of patients in the ICU setting remains largely unexplored.Because hemodynamic monitoring is a frequent theme in the evaluation of patients in the ... need for vasopressor orinotropic agents (including norepinephrine [noradrenaline],phenylephrine, vasopressin, dopamine, dobutamine, or milri-none); and intention by the clinicians managing the ... abnormalities in patients with shock. These factors may also stimulate the release of natriuretic peptides or a fall in cardiac index [16-18] in the absence of elevated filling pressures. In addition, the independent...