... natural) or orchards, it was observedthat the risk of ring shake in chestnuts growing in highforests is minor [18, 22, 41]. In addition, a recent studyby Amorini et al. [4] revealed that in coppice ... the other shoots in the samestool did not. Theauthors also observedthat ringshake in standards mainly occurs near the annual rings, corre-sponding to the years of the cut of the previous coppicestand.3.4. ... E-modulus[MPa]σstrength[MPa]Instantaneous deformationson stem surface[%]Hygrothermal deformations[%]Drying deformations[%]Longitudinal – – –0 .095a±0.1 –0 .33Tangential – – 0.110bFrom 0.4 to 0.6 –8 .08Radial...