... repre-sents the mean of three independent measurementstogether with the mean error. These kinetic parameters in the absence of the osmolytes, shown in Table 1, are in excellent agreement with those ... glycerol, xylitol,adonitol, mannitol) and amino acids and derivatives(glycine, alanine, proline, serine, lysine, b-alanine and taurine) that have no significant effects on both DGD° and kcat. (b) ... d-fructose, d-galactose,d-sucrose, d-raffinose, d-stachyose, glycine, l-alanine,l-proline, l-lysine, l-serine, b-alanine, taurine, sarcosine,dimethylglycine, glycine betaine, trimethylamine N-oxide,and...