... themaintenance tasks, and often the responsibilities of personnel change.Therefore, maintainers often do not understand the software as well asMaintaining software is theprocess of modifying a pro-gram ... working program is not necessarily agood program. The goal of writing software is not to minimize theamount of time it takes to develop a program, but to minimize theoverall amount of effort ... the pro-gram. If there are many programmers that will be writing and design- ing the parts of a particular program, the scope of one refinement forthis team of programmers can be larger than...