... genetic effects and maternalenvironmental effects.where Wi(o) and Wi(m) are Mendelian deviations of the offspring (i) for thedirect effect (o) and the maternal effect (m), respectively; Ri and ... the four levels of pedigree information (100, 50, 20 and 10% of paternity known) and degree of genetic differences among flocks (GD0, GD10, GD20 and GD30).The average and the empirical standard ... matrix allows for a better dissociation,on, one hand, of genetic and environmental effects, and on the other hand,genetic effects among the latter, and provides greater precision.370 V. Clément...