Báo cáo y học: " Th2 cytokines and asthma The role of interleukin-5 in allergic eosinophilic disease" doc

... interleukin-5- induced hyperreactivity wasabated by blocking the activity of interleukin-1, and interleukin-1β mRNA and protein levels are increased by interleukin-5. Interleukin-5 may contribute to airway ... Hamid Q, Kay AB: Phenotype of cells expressing mRNA for TH2- type (interleukin 4 and interleukin 5) and TH1-type (interleukin 2 and interferon γγ cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage and bronchial ... interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 areredundant with regard to these inflammatory parameters, interleukin-5 plays a distinct role in both. Furthermore, interleukin-5 and eotaxin synergistically enhanceeosinophilia...

Báo cáo y học: "Th2 cytokines and asthma: an introduction Peter J Barnes" pps

... the recognition that cytokines play a critical role in orchestrat-ing, perpetuating and amplifying the inflammatoryresponse in asthma. Indeed the increased and abnormalexpression of cytokines ... secreteIL-2 and interferon-γ, although the clear distinctionbetween Th1 and Th2 cells is not as distinct in humans as in mice. Th2 cytokines may play an important role in the pathophysiology of allergic ... involved in the pathophysi-ology of asthma [1,2]. While some of these cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1, tumour necrosis factor-α and IL-6, are involved in many inflammatory diseases, includingchronic...

Báo cáo y học: " Th2 cytokines and asthma Interleukin-4: its role in the pathogenesis of asthma, and targeting it for asthma treatment with interleukin-4 receptor antagonists" pot

... differentiation. The induction of TH2-likeReview Th2 cytokines and asthma Interleukin-4: its role in the pathogenesis of asthma, and targetingit for asthma treatment with interleukin-4 receptor ... [11]. Inhibition of apoptosis by IL-4might be mediated partly by the ability of this cytokine tomaintain levels of the survival-promoting protein Bcl-2 in Tcells [11]. Apoptosis of T lymphocytes ... heterodimer of high-affinity IL-4Rα and either the common γ chain or the IL-13 receptor α chain. Binding of IL-4 results in the tyrosine phosphorylation of signal trans-duction molecules including motifs...

Báo cáo y học: "Th2 cytokines and asthma Interleukin-9 as a therapeutic target for asthma" ppsx

... inhibit the activity of IL-4 and IL-5 [11]. However, the crucial roles of these factors in supporting the normal biology of specific cell typesReview Th2 cytokines and asthma Interleukin-9 as a therapeutic ... lymphocytes, and the cytokines that they produce, in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma [4,5]. Other forms of asthma include thoseinduced by exercise, viruses, aspirin, and occupation. The mechanism ... The mechanism underlying these forms of asthma might simi-larly involve TH2 lymphocytes and cytokines but might betriggered differentially by airway epithelium damage causedby viral infection, excess...

Báo cáo y học: "Bench-to-bedside review: The role of β-lactamases in antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative infections" potx

... not surprising that the increased use of penicillins to treat the associated diseases caused β-lactam resistance to arise in the clinical setting, ﬁ rst in the staphylococci and then in Gram-negative ... ceftazidime in the US and Canada.OXA β-lactamases e ‘oxacillinase’ family of β-lactamases, the OXA enzymes, was originally named to reﬂ ect the ability to hydrolyze oxacillin (or cloxacillin) [19]. ... generally stable to hydrolysis by all other β-lactamases that have serine at the active site of the enzyme [11]. Early reports of this group of chromosomal enzymes were from single isolates of...

Báo cáo y học: "A case study evaluating the use of clozapine in depression with psychotic feature" docx

... Azorin JM, Giudicelli S: Clozapine in the treatment of psychotic refractory depression. Br J Psychiatry1993, 163:822-4.9. Hrdlicka M: Combination of clozapine and maprotiline in refractory psychotic ... than standard, sec-ond and third line treatment for psychotic depression, in improving mood and psychotic symptoms', there remainsmuch uncertainty and we would support further research in ... was thendischarged on clozapine 150 mg in the morning and 300mg at night. She was subsequently reviewed in the outpa-tient clinic regularly and has remained well.Another literature search (of...

Báo cáo y học: " Bench-to-bedside review: The role of the alveolar epithelium in the resolution of pulmonary edema in acute lung injury" pps

... conflicting findings of preserved versus impaired AFC in ALI may be partly explained by the theory that, in mild ALI,injury to the endothelium occurs with sparing of the epithelium and its transport ... transportmachinery will be effective in clearing edema fluid in severelung injury unless the integrity of the epithelium is restored.Importantly, macromolecules the size of cytokines and growthfactors may ... effective in restoring the injuredepithelium if it is administered after the injury [81]. In a study of patients with ALI, very high concentrations of HGF werefound in the edema fluid; interestingly,...

Báo cáo y học: "Clinical expert guidelines for the management of cough in lung cancer: report of a UK task group on cough" potx

... pulmonarydisease-COPD) and cough may be the result of the underlying respiratory pathology rather than the cancer. The timing of the start of cough is important; anychange in cough since the diagnosis ... (linctus), then Hydro-morphone, then Morphine, then Codeine, then Oxyco-done, in that order, citing E ddy et al [25] as sourcedocument. However, the summary evidence followingeach opioid in ... the effectiveness of anumber of drugs (Table 1). All brachytherapy trials were of very low quality (Jadad score of ‘0’ )andoftentherewas lack of clarity in the papers about key methodologi-cal...

Báo cáo y học: "Clinical review: What is the role for autopsy in the ICU" doc

... of the growing impact of the opinions of patients and their relatives, physicians are often forced to discuss necropsy with them. As a result, the autopsy rate in France has markedly declined ... 32% in the 1980s, and an increase in undiagnosed infections of 30%. Gerain and colleagues [36] studied the causes of death in oncology patients who died in an ICU. In 23.5% of all deaths the ... ICU.Autopsies allow the accuracy of existing diagnostic tools to be checked. One example may clarify this matter.  e role of Candida spp. in the airways of critically ill patients was examined in a prospective,...

Báo cáo khoa học: "Bench-to-bedside review: The role of glycosaminoglycans in respiratory disease" potx

... occur in the ECM of the lung: they regulatehydration and water homeostasis; they maintain structure and function; they modulate the inflammatory response; and theyinfluence tissue repair and ... fibronectin and laminin, and it plays a role in wound healing [26].Decorin is the smallest dermatan sulphate containing PG. The presence of decorin alters the kinetics of fibril formation and the ... galactose) and hexosamines. The proteoglycan core proteins may also linkcarbohydrate units including O-linked and N-linkedoligosaccharides, as found in other glycosylated proteins. The polyanionic...

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