Honey Bees: Estimating the Environmental Impact of Chemicals - Chapter 15 (end) docx

... conclusion, there are two possibilities to avoid risk for honey bees: the nonexpression of the toxin in the tissues bees feed on, or the innocu-ousness of the toxin for bees. The risk assessment of the ... investigated such as the location of the bee on the plant (flowers or green parts, rank from the top of the flower visited on the plant), or the type of behavior (exploration of the flower, foraging ... of the sublethal effects of chemical pesticides and the risk assessment of GM plants, the main dif-ference relies on the fact that the evaluation of GM plant implies speci - cally the study of...

Honey Bees: Estimating the Environmental Impact of Chemicals - Chapter 2 doc

... C5H8O2100 x 182 3-5 2-5 3-Methyl-2-butanone C5H10O 86 x 56 3-8 0-4 2-Pentanone C5H10O 86 x 10 7-8 7-9 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy- C6H8O4144 x 2856 4-8 3-2 6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one2-Hexanone C6H12O ... 6 7-6 4-1 1-Hydroxy-2-propanone C3H6O274 x 11 6-0 9-6 3-Buten-2-one C4H6O 70 x 7 8-9 4-4 2-Butanone C4H8O 72 x 7 8-9 3-3 3-Hydroxy-2-butanone C4H8O288 x 51 3-8 6-0 4,4-Dimethyl-2-oxetanone ... CAS no.3-Methyl-3-buten-2-ol C5H10O 86 x 1047 3-1 4-0 2-Methyl-1-butanol C5H12O 88 x 13 7-3 2-6 3-Methyl-1-butanol C5H12O 88 x 12 3-5 1-3 2-Pentanol C5H12O 88 x 603 2-2 9-7 2-Methylcyclopentanol...

Honey Bees: Estimating the Environmental Impact of Chemicals - Chapter 3 pps

... into one of the following categories:high-, medium-, and low-risk products. Each stage of the procedure leadsto either an assessment of the risk (and therefore classiﬁcation in one of the risk ... remain,particularly in relation to the reliability of the tests requested and theirfeasibility. The assessment of the effects of plant protection products isbased on the calculation of the Hazard Quotient, ... 3.1).During the ﬂowering period and the production of honeydew, only prod-ucts with a special exemption can be used. This exemption is granted by the Ministry of Agriculture on the advice of the Comité...

Honey Bees: Estimating the Environmental Impact of Chemicals - Chapter 5 pdf

... parameter is the level of conditionedresponses during the acquisition phase of the CPE assay. Statistical com-parisons of treated and untreated groups at the maximum value of the CRduring the acquisition ... response as a measure of the sub-lethal effects of chemicals on honey bees can be a reliable indicator of the hazards associated with the exposure to sublethal doses of toxic com-pounds, and consequently ... aninsect-proof tunnel, the percentage of ﬂights back to the hive decreased intreated foragers, the deltamethrin-treated bees ﬂying in the direction of the sun, without using the local landmarks. The...

Honey Bees: Estimating the Environmental Impact of Chemicals - Chapter 6 pps

... acetylcholine-induced currents [2, 4].Finally, the dual effect of IMI can be explained by the presence in the central nervous system of the honey bee of two types of nicotinic receptorsas shown in the ... Imidacloprid (IMI) {1–[(6-chloro- 3- pyridinyl)methyl ]-4 ,5-dihydro-N-nitro-1H-imidazol-2-amine} is one of these new molecules (Figure 6.1). According to the literature, IMI ininsects acts at three pharmacologically ... a functional histochemistry of CO in honey bee brain that allowed the analysis of the short-term effect of cholinergic ligands including IMIon the metabolism of the different brain structures...

Honey Bees: Estimating the Environmental Impact of Chemicals - Chapter 8 pptx

... taking up the contaminantsdirectly from the lagoon water; and therefore, the redistribution of conta-minants to the plants in the area was somewhat limited. The levels of cobalt-60 and sodium-22 ... site [32]. These studies indicated that the onlymajor source of cobalt-56, cobalt-60, manganese-54, sodium-22, and tung-sten-181 near the study site was the waste lagoon. Because the bees wereonly ... trends wereseen in the lagoon and the bees for all the contaminants. This furthersupports the hypothesis that the bees were receiving the majority of theirBees as indicators of radionuclide contamination...

Honey Bees: Estimating the Environmental Impact of Chemicals - Chapter 10 pdf

... segments. The concentrations or activities of the major-ity of the elements studied were lower in the 1-year-old branch segmentscompared to the branch tops. In the case of Rb, 40K, and 137Cs they ... beenmeasured. The analysis of the transfer of these radionuclides and selectedelements from soils through conifers and into various types of honeysclearly reveals the relevance of the honeydew honey ... in both heather honey and honeydew honeys, the honeys from heather and honeydewfrom ﬁr and spruce can be used as indicators of radioactive cesium pollu-tion for long-term monitoring of contamination...

Honey Bees: Estimating the Environmental Impact of Chemicals - Chapter 12 pptx

... for 56.86 percent of the total inertia of the system, emphasizes the fact that the presence of cobalt (Co) in the honey samples is correlated with that of molybdenum(Mo). Of the 46 samples containing ... types of honeys, have clearly addressed these problems. They have shown that in the acacia honey, the concentrations of most of the trace elements werelower than those generally found in the other ... differ-ent parts of the information. Conversely, with HCA, all the information of the data matrix is displayed through two dendrograms: one for the vari-ables and another for the objects. Therefore,...

Honey Bees: Estimating the Environmental Impact of Chemicals - Chapter 13 ppt

... 1996 of lepidopteran-insect-resistant cotton in the USA [7]. The expression of an insecticidal protein in plants presents many advan-tages over the exogenous application of chemicals. The “toxin,” ... 9C), and the promoter associ-ated with the coding sequence (which affects the quantity and location of the Cry protein). In 1999, 30 percent of the cultivated area in the USAconsisted of transgenic ... on the protease content of the gut of differentColeoptera have shown the presence of cysteine proteases, which, in manycases, represent the major class of digestive proteases [33]. The cDNA of OC-I,...

greening aid understanding the environmental impact of development assistance may 2008

... with the demonstrated will-ingness and ability to honor their policy commitments—are hypothesized to offer donors ahigher rate -of- return on their environmental aid investment than non-credible ... relativelyunchanged through the mid- and late 1990s. The second half of the chapter begins the effort of disaggregating environmental aid.’ We ﬁrst track projectfunding for international and local environmental ... implementation of billions of dollars worth of environmental aid tomultilateral agencies. Again, we draw on principal–agent theory and arguethat states often out-source the allocation and delivery of environmental...

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