... Plann. B, 19 , 709, 19 92. 14 . Weiner, D. and Harris, T., Community-Integrated GIS for Land Reform in SouthAfrica, Proceeding of GISOC’99, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, June 19 99. 15 . Talpin, ... InformationSystems, Guilford Press, New York, 19 95. 11 . Schuurman, N., Trouble in the heartland: GIS and its critics in the 19 90s, Prog. Hum.Geogr., 24 (4), 569, 2000. 12 . Weiner, D. et al., Community Participation ... social impacts of these tools ( [10 ], Taylor in [11 ]). Out ofthis debate came, in 19 98, the concept of public participatory geographical infor-mation system (PPGIS) through the Varenius Project...