... Access
Short report
TRIPS, the Doha Declaration and increasing access to medicines:
policy options for Ghana
JC Cohen*
1
, M Gyansa-Lutterodt
2
, K Torpey
3
, LC Esmail
4
and G Kurokawa
5
Address: ... changed its patent laws to conform to TRIPS standards. We
examine Ghana's patent law changes in the context of the Doha Declaration and assess the...
... (TRIPS), to
hinder the availability of affordable medicines. In 2001
the Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public
Health (known as the Doha Declaration) , affirmed the
right of member states of the ... "divide and conquer" strategy [71].
The challenge of improving access to medicines for LMICs
thus stands at a critical crossroad. One choice is fo...
... spatial
position. The users had an overview of the robot
and the objects to be referred to and typed their in-
structions into a notebook. The relevant objects
were pointed at by the instructor of the experi-
ments. ... In these experiments,
one participant is the ‘constructor’ who actually
builds the model plane, the other participant is the
‘instructor’, who prov...
... [2]. The procedure con-
sisted of liver and lymph node biopsies together with
splenectomy. In addition to allowing accurate staging, the
splenectomy was believed to debulk the disease mass and
offer ... precise target for radiotherapy.
The advent of computed tomography brought about the
demise of staging laparotomies and splenectomy is now
limited to symptomatic spleno...
... contributions
BE, CA, and LE conceived the follow-up interviews and
invited JB and KS to participate in their design and coor-
dination. BE and CA collected the data and performed the
qualitative data ... brainstorm
and write down questions and concerns for their doctor
[16]. The consultation planner uses a prompt sheet or
template (see Appendix 1 for the most...
... nurses and one CO)
selected by the four hospitals from among their own staff
to act as their facilitator. These four facilitators and the
principal investigator (JN) met in Nairobi at the offices ... confined to the four
hospitals making up the intervention arm of a comparative
study. These four hospitals (H1, H2, H3, H4) are all in the
government sector, and their selec...
... brainstorm
and write down questions and concerns for their doctor
[16]. The consultation planner uses a prompt sheet or
template (see Appendix 1 for the most recent edition) to
survey the patient for ... themes emerged in the trainee interviews
related to delivering the intervention to patients: the sense
of trainee satisfaction due to the perceived value of t...
... weeks for 12
months. The patient was instructed to wear the splint for
24 h a day, 7 days a week. A clinical check-up one year and
24 months after the last injection showed no tendency to
relapse ... of the wound
healing process. Their etiology and pathogenesis are poorly understood. Different treatment
modalities are described in the literature depending on the morpho...
... and coordi-
nation, performed the statistical analysis for logistic regres-
sion, and drafted the manuscript. CM participated in the
design and coordination of the study, and contributed to the
statistical ... the
statistical analysis. JF and DA participated in the design of the
study and performed the procedures for the neural network
analysis. All autho...