Waste Treatment in the Process Industries - Chapter 8 doc

... agent. In- Vessel Composting In- vessel composting results in the most intensive biotransformation of organic wastes. In- vesselcomposting is performed in partially or completely enclosed containers in ... mostly in: (a) the waste streams of manufacturing processes ofcommercial products; (b) the wastes produced during the use of these products, or (c) the post-manufacturing wastes related to the ... cost of the treatment. Time of the treatment decreases, but the costsincrease in the following sequence: windrow system ! static pile system ! in- vessel system.To intensify the composting of...

... consists of replacing the natural energy in areservoir. Water flooding is the most widely used method, which involves injecting water into the reservoir to cause the oil to flow into the well. Tertiary ... recovery includes a number ofexperimental methods of bringing more oil to the surface. These methods may include steaminjection or burning some of the petroleum in the reservoir. The heat makes the ... establishingdesirable water uses in certain bodies of effluent-receiving waters, that is, water-quality-limitingsegments as defined in Public Law 9 2-5 00. This last category became the overriding category...

... are included in the formulation of insecticides and fungicides [27]. (d) The origin with the most rapid growth since the 1950s comprises the wastewaters from urban areas and it is due to the increased ... andbypassing the chemical pretreatment allows for a more constant loading of the aeration basins atthose times. In this way, the previously encountered problems in the start-up of the biological treatment ... problem did not exist. The continuing increase in consumption of detergents (in particular, their domestic use) and the tremendous increase in production of surfactants are the origin of a type of pollution...

... afixed-film biological process, or an independent physicochemical system.9.6.1 Pebble Phosphate Mining Industry In one of the earlier reports on the phosphate mining and manufacturing industry in ... air originatingfrom the bagging and shipping operations is the one most neglected in the fertilizer industry,causing complaints from neighbors. Jones and Olmsted [16] reported the installation ... evaporates and the remainderpercolates into the ground through the bottom of the holding pond. The second major wastewater discharge (about 1.2 m3/min or 3 18 gpm) is from the bottom of the scrubbers...

... according to the Kraft (sulfate) or sulfiteprocesses [13]. These methods are described in the following subsections.Kraft PulpingKraft pulping involves the cooking of wood chips at 340– 3508F ... acetonesChloroformDichloromethaneTrichloroetheneChloropropenalChlorofuranone1,1-dichloro-methylsulfoneAldehydesKetonesChlorinated sulfurReduced sulfurcompoundsCategory: Dioxins2,3,7 , 8- tetrachloro-dibenzodioxin (2,3,7 , 8- TCDD)2,3,7 , 8- tetrachloro-dibenzofuran(2,3,7 , 8- TCDF)Wood derivativesMonoterpenesSesquiterpenesDiterpenes: ... some of these processes are more energyintensive than traditional methods. Major benefits include the elimination of odorous sulfur-containing compounds in the effluents and air.Acid PulpingWood...