... Chae2,7*AbstractIntroduction: Synovial fibroblasts from rheumatoid arthritis show resistance to apoptotic stimuli, indicating theymay be difficult to treat. To clearly understand these mechanisms of resistance, rheumatoid ... essential for autophagy. Nature 1998, 395:395-398.15. Høyer-Hansen M, Jäättelä M: Autophagy: an emerging target for cancertherapy. Autophagy 2008, 4:574-580.16. Cherra SJ, Chu CT: Autophagy in ... death. To explain the mechanism of the findings (that is, the increased autophagy in RASF), we compared the charac-teristics of OASF and RASF when exposed to ER stress.First, pro-inflammatory cyt...