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TOXICOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY AND BIOCHEMISTRY - CHAPTER 15 pptx

TOXICOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY AND BIOCHEMISTRY - CHAPTER 15 pptx

TOXICOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY AND BIOCHEMISTRY - CHAPTER 15 pptx

... are the mono-, di-, and trimethylderivatives; the 2-vinyl and 4-vinyl derivatives; 5-ethyl-2-methylpyridine (MEP); and piperidine,also called hexahydropyridine (below):Pyridine and its substituted ... effective. The metab-olites of aniline excreted from the body are N-acetyl, N-acetyl- p -glucuronide, and N-acetyl- p - sulfate products, also shown in Figure 15. 4. 15. 3.2 Benzidine ... NHHGlucuronideCCH3NHOOHNHCCH3NHSOOHOOCCH3NHOp-AminophenolPhenyl N-hydroxylamineN-acetyl metaboliteN-acetyl- p-glucuronidemetaboliteN-acetyl- p-sulfatemetaboliteNONitrosobenzeneNH2H2NBenzidineNHHNHH1-Naphthylamine 2-Naphthylamine...
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TOXICOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY AND BIOCHEMISTRY - CHAPTER 7 pptx

TOXICOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY AND BIOCHEMISTRY - CHAPTER 7 pptx

... benzo(a)pyrene 7, 8- diol-9,10-epoxide.Benzo(a)pyrene{O}, epoxidationOBenzo(a)pyrene7,8-epoxide+ H2O, epoxidehydrolaseHOHOBenzo(a)pyrene7,8-diolbenzo(a)pyrene7,8-diol-9,10-epoxideHOHOO{O}, ... DNANCNCCCNNCHHOH2NNCNCCCNNCHHOH2NCH3CH3Dimethylnitros- 3,3-Dimethyl- 1- 1,2-Dimethylhydra- Methylmethane-ONNCH3CH3NNHHH3CCH3CH3SOOH3CONNNCH3CH3amine phenyltriazine ... major toxicological concern.To understand the biochemistry of mutagenesis, it is important to recall from Chapter 3 thatDNA contains the nitrogenous bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine....
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TOXICOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY AND BIOCHEMISTRY - CHAPTER 1 pot

TOXICOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY AND BIOCHEMISTRY - CHAPTER 1 pot

... 100 known elements which may be found in any Figure 1.2 Atoms of carbon and nitrogen. - - - - - - - - - - An atom of carbon, symbol C.Each C atom has 6 protons (+)in its nucleus, so ... Cataloging-in-Publication Data Manahan, Stanley E. Toxicological chemistry and biochemistry / by Stanley E. Manahan 3rd ed.p. cm.Includes bibliographical references and index.ISBN 1-5 667 0-6 1 8-1 1. ... Amines 15. 3.1 Aniline 15. 3.2 Benzidine 15. 3.3 Naphthylamines 15. 4 Pyridine and Its Derivatives 15. 5 Nitriles 15. 6 Nitro Compounds 15. 6.1 Nitro Alcohols and Nitro Phenols 15. 6.2 Dinoseb 15. 7 Nitrosamines 15. 8...
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TOXICOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY AND BIOCHEMISTRY - CHAPTER 3 pps

TOXICOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY AND BIOCHEMISTRY - CHAPTER 3 pps

... |||||).CNCCCNOOHHHHCH3CNCCCNOOHHHNCCCNCNCNHHHNH2NCCCNCNCNHHOH2NHCCCCCH2HOHHHOHOHOHHOCCCCCH2HOHHHOHHOHHOPO - O - - OOOccur in both DNA and RNAUracil (U)Thymine (T)Adenine (A)Guanine(G)Phosphate2-Deoxy-β-D-ribofuranoseCNCCCNNH2OHHHHCytosine (C)β-D-RibofuranoseOccur ... Medical Biochemistry, Mosby, St. Louis, 1998.Switzer, R.L. and Garrity, L.F., Experimental Biochemistry, W.H. Freeman and Co., New York, 1999.Voet, D., Voet, J.G., and Pratt, C., Fundamentals of Biochemistry, ... in Biochemistry, McGraw-Hill, Health Professions Division, New York,2000.Kuchel, P.W., Ed., Schaum’s Outline of Theory and Problems of Biochemistry, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1998.Lea, P.J. and...
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TOXICOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY AND BIOCHEMISTRY - CHAPTER 4 pdf

TOXICOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY AND BIOCHEMISTRY - CHAPTER 4 pdf

... COO - CHHCOO - CHHCO - OCCOO - CHHCOO - CHCO - OHHOCCCO - OHHOO - OCHHCCitrate Isocitrate α-KetoglutarateCCSHHOO - OCHHCCoACHHO - OCHHCCOO - CO - OCCCOO - HHCO - OCCCOO - HHHOHCO - OCCCOO - OHHOxaloacetate Malate Fumarate ... with acetyl-CoA from glycolysis to start the cycleover again.Acetyl = CoAHCHHCOCoA HO C COO - CHHCOO - CHHCO - OCCOO - CHHCOO - CHCO - OHHOCCCO - OHHOO - OCHHCCitrate ... (ADP):ATPNNCNNNH2HCCCCHOOHHCHHHOHOPOPOP - OO - O - O - OOOHCCCCHOOHHCHHHOHOPOP - OO - O - OONNCNNNH2HHADP L1618Ch04Frame Page 87 Tuesday, August...
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TOXICOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY AND BIOCHEMISTRY - CHAPTER 6 pps

TOXICOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY AND BIOCHEMISTRY - CHAPTER 6 pps

... substances and theirmetabolites react biochemically in an organism to exert a toxic effect. Chapter 7 is devoted todefining and explaining toxicological chemistry, and Chapters 10–19 cover the toxicological ... . 6.1.5 Toxicological Chemistry Toxicological chemistry relates chemistry to toxicology. It deals with the chemical nature oftoxic substances, how they are changed biochemically, and how xenobiotic ... xenobiotics, such as organophosphate com-pounds (see Chapter 18) and carbamates (see Chapter 15) inhibit acetylcholinesterase, with theresult that acetylcholine accumulates and nerves are overstimulated....
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TOXICOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY AND BIOCHEMISTRY - CHAPTER 8 doc

TOXICOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY AND BIOCHEMISTRY - CHAPTER 8 doc

... facile detection of β-galactosidase activity. Thisis accomplished with the chromogenic substrate 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indoyl-β-D-galactopyrano-side, which is metabolized by β-galactosidase to ... Zetterqulist, H., and Olerup, O., HLA-DR, -DQ, and -DP alleles in nickel, chromium and/ or cobalt-sensitive individuals: genomic analysis based on restriction fragment length polymor-phisms, J. Invest. ... (C), and adenine (A) is opposite thymine (T) in the opposing strand. Thestructures of these nitrogenous bases are such that hydrogen bonds form between them on the twostrands, bonding the strands...
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TOXICOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY AND BIOCHEMISTRY - CHAPTER 10 ppsx

TOXICOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY AND BIOCHEMISTRY - CHAPTER 10 ppsx

... phosphorylation.CCPO3COHHHOHHOCCPO3COPO3HHOHHOOCCPO3COAsO3HHOHHOO 2- 2- 2- 2- 3- PhosphateGlyceraldehyde3-phosphateAdditional processesleading to ATPformation 3- Arsenite (AsO3 )1-arseno- 3- phosophoglycerateSpontaneous ... element?SSCdH+SH+SHCd2++CCPO3COHHHOHHOCCPO3COPO3HHOHHOOCCPO3COAsO3HHOHHOO2 - 2 - 2 - 2 - 3 - PhosphateGlyceraldehyde3-phosphate3 - Arsenite (AsO3)Spontaneous hydrolysis+CCOHHNH3CHHOOCCHHALA ... pigments, and caulking.Metals commonly alloyed with lead are antimony (in storage batteries), calcium and tin (inmaintenance-free storage batteries), silver (for solder and anodes), strontium and...
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TOXICOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY AND BIOCHEMISTRY - CHAPTER 11 pot

TOXICOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY AND BIOCHEMISTRY - CHAPTER 11 pot

... human blood and on rodents suggest that ClO2 and its metabolic productClO2–cause formation of methemoglobin, decrease the activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydro-genase and glutathione ... gases, 3.5 g/l forHBr and 5.7 g/l for HI at 0°C and atmospheric pressure. These compounds are used much lessthan HCl. Both are irritants to the skin and eyes and to the oral and respiratory mucous ... regener-ating Fe(III)-oxid that can repeat the cycle. The overall process is represented as follows:Fe(III)-oxid + Reducing agent → Fe(II)-oxid + Oxidized reducing agent (11.2.2)Fe(II)-oxid...
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TOXICOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY AND BIOCHEMISTRY - CHAPTER 12 pps

TOXICOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY AND BIOCHEMISTRY - CHAPTER 12 pps

... AsOHOOHNO23-Nitro-4-hydroxyphenyl-arsinic acid (Roxarsone)HO AsOHOHHCNH2ON-carbamoylarsinic acid(Carbarsone)NNNSCHHHAs OHHOOH2-Methylthio- 4-( 2'-phenylarsenic acid )- aminopyrimidineL1618Ch12Frame ... compounds found in seaweed and in sheep feeding on the seaweed.β-D-Ribofuranoside,2,3-dihydroxypropyl5-deoxy- 5-( dimethylarsinyl)(an arsenosugar)Arsenobetaine Arsenocholine 2-( Dimethylarsinyl)ethanolAsH3CCH3OHHCOHO ... cancer and leukemic cells, is 2- methylthio- 4-( 2'-phenylarsenic acid)-aminopyrimidine:Organoarsenic compounds are used as animal feed additives. The major organoarsenic feedadditives and...
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