báo cáo khoa học: " ‘A major lobbying effort to change and unify the excise structure in six Central American countries’: How British American Tobacco influenced tax and tariff rates in the Central American Common Market" doc

... Holden and Lee: ‘A major lobbying effort to change and unify the excise structure in six Central American countries’ : How British American Tobacco influenced tax and tariff rates in the Central American ... the excise structure in six Central American countries’: How British American Tobacco influenced tax and tariff rates in the Central American Common MarketChris Holden1,2* and Kelley Lee2AbstractBackground: ... individual documents and relating these to other documents in the set, identifying the central themes of docu ments and clusters ofdocuments, contextualising the documentary data, and choosing representative...

Báo cáo khoa học: A comparative study of type I and type II tryparedoxin peroxidases in Leishmania major pot

... acharge interaction between the cysteine-35 thiolate and the tryptophan pyrrole ring [40]. This interpretationlends support to the alternative hypothesis that the structure of the Cys95 containing ... used to clone TDPX1, TryX and TryP1 and site-directed mutagenesis of TDPX1. The initiator and terminator codons are in bold and the restriction sites are underlined. The codons of the mutated amino ... containing the samecysteine residues, Cys35 and Cys83. Also, in the spec-tra of the oxidized and reduced protein the peptidescontaining the conserved Cys64 residue was detected.Thus, these...

Báo cáo khoa học: "A comparison of five indirect methods for characterizing the light environment in a tropical fores" pptx

... spanning the range 0–90° from ze-nith, with a 4.5 mm photoresistor attached to the bottom. The photoresistor is sensitive to light in the PAR region,between 400 and 750 nm. It is connected to ... surpris-ing. In fact the logged plots that we studied have been in -vadedbylianasandsaplingsthat contribute heavilytotheLAI although their basal area is not taken into account in our inventories. ... in the understorey. As an alternative to these ex-pensive and cumbersome instruments, the LAIL and diazo papers offer a quick and simple way to characterize the light environment in understorey....

Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: a-Defensins increase lung ﬁbroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis via the b-catenin signaling pathway doc

... ofcyclin D and that quercetin inhibits the a-defensin-induced increase in cyclin D protein content in HFL-1 lung fibroblasts (Fig. S4), suggesting thatcyclin D might be related to the a-defensin-inducedincrease ... genes for cyclin D, fibroblast growth factor,fibronectin, endothelin, surviving, etc. We haveobtained data indicating that a-defensin-1 and a-de-fensins-2 induce an increase in the protein content ... a-defensin-1 and a-defensin-2 caused increases in the protein content ofactive ⁄ dephosphorylated b-catenin without changes in total b-catenin, suggesting that a-defensins activate the b-catenin...

Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "A Ranking-based Approach to Word Reordering for Statistical Machine Translation" doc

... ranking reordering model.our ranking reordering model indeed signiﬁcantlyreduces the crossing-link numbers over the originalsentence pairs. On the other hand, the performanceof the ranking ... in the target language. The ranking model is automatically trained to min-imize the mis-ordering of tree nodes in the trainingdata. Large scale experiment shows improvement onboth reordering ... gets the high-est rank, while the ending word in the target sentencegets the lowest rank. The ranking model is trained to directly minimize the mis-ordering of tree nodes,which differs from the...

Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: A second novel dye-linked L-proline dehydrogenase complex is present in the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus horikoshii OT-3 pptx

... that the ADP-binding motif in the b1 subunit mediates FAD binding. On the otherhand, FMN was not detected bound to either subunit(Fig. 5B,C). We also extracted the ﬂavin compoundsfrom the native ... compounds were bound to the a1subunit of PDH1, though it did contain one ADP-binding motif. This suggests the ADP-binding motif in the a1 subunit mediates the observed ATP binding, and FMN is likely ... puriﬁcationof the recombinant enzymeWe initially attempted to express the PDH1 gene using the plasmid pPDH1, but no functional product couldbe obtained. We therefore introduced the gene intopET11a, and...

Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "A Large Scale Distributed Syntactic, Semantic and Lexical Language Model for Machine Translation" doc

... 2006), the TAGGER and CONSTRUCTOR in SLM and SEMANTIZER in PLSA remain unchanged; how- ever the WORD-PREDICTORs in n-gram, m-SLM and PLSA are combined to form a stronger WORD-PREDICTOR that generates ... tokens,another has 230 million tokens, and the other has1.3 billion tokens. An independent test set whichhas 354 k tokens is chosen. The independent checkdata set used to determine the linear ... linear combination, / denotescomposite model; n denotes the order of n-gram and m denotes the order of SLM; the topic nodes are pruned from200 to 5.too big to store in the supercomputer. The...

Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "A Fully Bayesian Approach to Unsupervised Part-of-Speech Tagging∗" docx

... ways, in- cluding choosing the MAP assignment to the latentvariables, or estimating expected values for them. To see why integrating over possible parametervalues can be useful when inducing ... pro-cedure with the goal of identifying the MAP tag se-quence. This can be done using tempering (anneal-ing), where a temperature of φ is equivalent to rais-ing the probabilities in the sampling distribution ... 3 takes into account the consequences of possible variation in θ.Another advantage of integrating over θ is thatit permits the use of linguistically appropriate pri-ors. In many linguistic...

Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "A Feature Based Approach to Leveraging Context for Classifying Newsgroup Style Discussion Segments" pptx

... Thus, the history of a span of text is defined in terms of the thread structure of an email conversa-tion. However, in the Weinberger and Fischer cor-pus, each message is segmented into idea ... meant to indicate how semantically re-lated a span of text is to the spans of text in the parent message. This is computed using the mini-mum of all cosine distance measures between the vector ... occur further down in the thread. The other con-text oriented feature related to the thread structure is derived from relationships between spans of text appearing in the parent and child...

Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "A Limited-Domain English to Japanese Medical Speech Translator Built Using REGULUS 2" doc

... due to the one-way character of the interaction: insteadof being able to ask a WH-question (“What does the pain feel like?”), the doctor needs to ask a se-ries of Y-N questions (“Is the pain ... covered by the pro-totype[event,okoru],[postpos,causal],[cause,tsukare]]Each line in the source representation maps into the corresponding one in the target in the obvious way. The target-language ... POSTMODSFor the training example, the ﬁrst VBAR in the in- duced rule spans the phrase “are the headaches usu-ally”, the second VBAR spans the phrase “caused”, and the POSTMODS span the phrase...

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