... intubation is frequently nec-
essary, and antibiotic therapy should target S aureus, GABHS,
Moraxella catarrhalis, and S pneumoniae.
VI. Problem Case Diagnosis. On physical examination, the 8-year-old
boy ... nasal cannula, face
mask, or rebreather mask to maintain oxygen saturation > 92%.
B. Pain Control. Administer appropriate pain medication for age
and weight to control pain without...
... than or equal to
b : decrease(d)
a : increase(d)
l : leads to
ABCs: airway, breathing, and
circulation
ABG: arterial blood gas
ABPA: allergic bronchopulmonary
aspergillosis
ACE: angiotensin-converting
enzyme
ACLS: ... duration.
B. A 1 5- year-old girl is brought to the pediatrician because of lower
abdominal pain that has lasted 2 days.
II. Immediate Questions
A. How old is patient? Many...
... trauma.
6. Anal exam. Specific anal findings are rare. Erythema is a
common nonspecific finding, often associated with hygiene
problems. Anal fissures, perianal abrasions, midline anal tags,
and anal ... (eg, abdominal pain, bloating, dis-
tention)? Patients with severe constipation have decreased
11. BRADYCARDIA 53
C. Intracranial Hypertension
1. Bradycardia is part of Cushing triad, along...
... an associated pneumonia, appropriate antibiotics are
indicated.
VI. Problem Case Diagnosis. The 2-year-old patient had aspirated a
Barbie doll shoe. A chest x-ray revealed right middle lobe air ... suggestive of allergic
colitis.
E. If school-aged, has patient had any extraintestinal manifes-
tations? Symptoms such as rash, arthralgias, anorexia, and
weight loss are all indicative of infla...
... corticosteroids. Also consider
ethanol withdrawal and neonatal narcotic withdrawal.
52 . HYPOTENSION 243
4. ABGs. This evaluation is essential in determining acid-base
balance. Metabolic acidosis reflects inadequate ... fainting,
narcolepsy, and anxiety attack.
IV. Database
A. Physical Exam Key Points
1. Assess airway, breathing, and circulation (ABCs) and vital
signs.
2. Evaluate for hepato...
... ASA class 1 and
class 2 patients.
B. ASA Class 3. For patients identified as ASA class 3 or greater,
preoperative evaluation laboratory studies and imaging are
obtained on a case-by-case basis. ... Considerations
A. Sedation and Analgesia. Provide sedation and analgesia ade-
quate to manage the stress and discomfort associated with an in
situ ETT, mechanical ventilation, and underlying di...
... dysfunction. Concomitant analgesia
or sedation is required.
VERAPAMIL (CALAN, ISOPTIN)
Indications: Angina; essential hypertension; arrhythmias (paroxysmal
supraventricular tachycardia [PSVT], atrial ... synthesis.
c
Notes:
Less active against gram-positive cocci than first- and second-generation agents. Increased activity against gram-negative aerob
es (Enterobacteriaceae including
Enterobact...