The Basics of Oil Spill Cleanup - Chapter 10 pdf
The Basics of Oil Spill Cleanup - Chapter 10 pdf
... technique, the integrity of the source of the spill and the possibility of further spillage is always a priority. If thereis any possibility that the fire could flash back to the source of the spill, ... maintaining the safety of both spill workers and the source of the spill. The potential for the use of in-situ burning must be determined based on specificconditions at the time of the spill, ... oxygenation of the oil. Similar analysis of the residue shows that the same minority compounds are presentat about the same levels. The bulk of the residue is unburned oil without some of the volatile...
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The Basics of Oil Spill Cleanup - Chapter 2 docx
... to an oil spill and significantly reduce the environmental impact and severity of the spill. The purpose of contingency plans is to coordinate all aspects of the response toan oil spill. This ... serious. As the seriousness of an incident is often not known in the initial phases, one of the firstpriorities is to determine the magnitude of the spill and its potential impact.Alerting the first ... and the responsible government agency is the first step in activating an oil spill contingency plan. Reporting a spill to the designatedagency, regardless of the size or seriousness of the spill, ...
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The Basics of Oil Spill Cleanup - Chapter 3 pps
... These properties influence how the oil behaves when it is spilled and determine the effects of the oil on living organismsin the environment. These properties also influence the efficiency of cleanup ... into the chemical composition of oils. For example, while 70% of gasoline will boil offat 100 °C, only about 5% of a crude oil will boil off at that temperature and an evensmaller amount of a ... compoundsvaries according to the geological formation of the area in which the oil is foundand strongly influences the properties of the oil. For example, crude oils that consistprimarily of large compounds...
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The Basics of Oil Spill Cleanup - Chapter 4 ppsx
... by the force of gravity and the interfacial tension between oil and water. The viscosity of the oil opposes theseforces. As time passes, the effect of gravity on the oil diminishes, but the ... canremove the bulk of the oil. In 1993, the oil from a stricken ship, the Braer , dispersedalmost entirely as a result of high seas off Scotland at the time of the spill and the dispersible ... 3% of Bunker C.• The formation of water-in -oil emulsions is the second most important weatheringprocess because it can drastically change the properties of the oil. For example, aliquid oil...
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The Basics of Oil Spill Cleanup - Chapter 6 potx
... washing over the top of the boom. The term freeboard is also usedto refer to the height from the water line to the top of the boom. The skirt is the portion of the boom below the floats or ... piece of equipmentfor containing an oil spill on water. Booms are generally the first equipment mobi-lized at a spill and are often used throughout the operation. This chapter covers the types of ... CURRENT OIL DIVERTED TO SHORE AREA ANCHOR ©2000 by CRC Press LLC CHAPTER 6Containment on Water Containment of an oil spill refers to the process of confining the oil, either toprevent...
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The Basics of Oil Spill Cleanup - Chapter 7 potx
... much on the thickness of the oil, type of oil, surface type, andmany other factors.**This is the percentage of oil in the recovered product. The higher the value, the lower the amount of water ... much on the thickness of the oil, type of oil, sea state,and many other factors.**This is the percentage of oil in the recovered product. The higher the value, the less the amount of water ... on the amount of oil spilled, sea and weather conditions, and the geo-graphical location of the spill. Alternative methods for treating oil directly on water are discussed in Chapters9 and 10. ...
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The Basics of Oil Spill Cleanup - Chapter 8 pps
... ortruck. The vacuum pump creates a vacuum in the tank and the oil moves directlythrough a hose or pipe to the tank from the skimmer or the source of the oil. The oil does not go through the pump, ... of hydrocarbon fuels. Often the equipmentat refineries cannot handle oils with debris, excessive amounts of water, or othercontaminants and the cost of pre-treating the oils can far exceed the ... variety of oil andwater ratios, with oil content and flow rate sometimes changing suddenly. Disposal Disposing of the recovered oil and oiled debris is one of the most difficult aspects of an oil...
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The Basics of Oil Spill Cleanup - Chapter 9 potx
... shownin Table 9. In the tests summarized in the table, the dispersant was applied at adispersant-to -oil ratio of 1 :10 or 10% of the volume of the oil as testing has shownthat this ratio is ... bioenhancement agents to oil spilled on landcan enhance the removal rate of the saturate and some of the aromatic fraction of the oil, so that as much as 40% of the oil is degraded in time periods ... detected by the rapid clearance of the oil in the dispersant dropzone without the formation of the usual white to coffee-coloured plume in the watercolumn. This is very detrimental and wastes the dispersant....
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The Basics of Oil Spill Cleanup - Chapter 11 ppt
... oils may adhere to the top surface or penetrate though holes made by burrowing ©2000 by CRC Press LLC 102 102 111111 110 110 109 109 108 108 107 107 106 106 105 105 104 104 103 103 ©2000 by ... amount of oil, the degree of weathering of the oil, both before it reaches the shoreline and while on the shoreline, the temperature, the state of the tide when the oil washes onshore, the type of ... composition, the type and sensitivity of biota on the beach,and the steepness of the shore.Other important factors are the existence of a high tide berm on the beach,whether the oil is deposited in the...
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The Basics of Oil Spill Cleanup - Chapter 12 potx
... the properties of the oil and the nature of the soil materials affect howrapidly the oil penetrates the soil and how much the oil adheres to the soil. Forexample, a low viscosity oil penetrates ... down-gradient from the spill, or in the direction in which the spill is flowing, to catch the flow of oil. They areplaced just below the depth of the groundwater so that oil flowing on top of the groundwater ... poorlydrained soils where water fills the macropores of the soil, but is not absorbed into the soil itself because of the presence of the oil. This excludes air from the soil and the site becomes difficult...
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