... the kinetic energy of particle , nionis the number of electron pairs per unit of path, and I is the average energy of ionization of anatom in the medium.storage rings One way of building ... Intrinsic angular momentum of an ele-mentary particle or nucleus, which is indepen-dent of the motion of the center of mass of theparticle.spin–flip scattering Scattering of a particlewith intrinsic ... twoparts: theconstant energy term made from single particleenergies and the interaction between them and thebindingenergyof activenucleons inthecore.This second part is made fromthekineticenergyof...