a history of money from ad 800 phần 6 ppsx

... of barter. Although the Bank of England blamed the country banks forthe crisis, and vice versa, there was no Parliamentary enquiry as it was fairlyclear already what had happened. As William ... theProvincial Bank of Ireland and in 18 26 drew up a plan for a ‘Provincial Bank of England’ and later became a director of the National Provincial Bank of England, one of the constituents of the ... with an aggregate capital of $7 36 million making a total of 120 bankswith a nominal capital (perhaps not real) of about $ 76 million. The banks mainlyextended loans in the form of notes and there...

a history of money from ad 800 phần 1 pptx

... gradual, debasement was greater and was totally at the expense of workersand peasants. ‘Honest’ petty coinage was unprofitable: the tradition of honest money in countries such as England was, ... clear, from even a cursory reading of the sources, that many of the problems and events weshall discuss had their parallels in earlier centuries. I can offer only a tantalising glance at a few ... banking, and explain what can seem to Europeans theparochialism and backwardness of American retail banking.4 A HISTORY OF MONEY system. Later, though, it was England alone who preserved the Carolingiansystem...

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a history of money from ad 800 phần 2 docx

... another of theperiodical adjustments needed to take account of normal wear and tear on theactual circulating coins and of changes in the relative prices of gold and silver.Wear and tear has ... settled by barter.There were a few travelling merchants, and a small part of the population livedin towns, but the real growth revival of international trade had hardly begun. Money had a relatively ... and credit became vital over a large part of the West’(Bautier 1971:147). Europe was now ready for a more substantial and stablecoinage to serve the needs of expanding trade. This was to take...

a history of money from ad 800 phần 3 docx

... Money which has alreadylost at least 2/5 parts of its Intrinsick value by Clipping and Adulteration.(Li 1 963 :218)Newton ( 169 6) also made a point about the gold/silver ratio. A HISTORY OF MONEY ... European traders discovered that the ratio in Japan was 4 to1. Great profits were made—for a short time…At the time of the treaty of 1858 between Great Britain, the United States and Japan a very ... Bank of England at bullion value. The smallcustomary charge was waived. The official weight of a newly minted guinea was129.438 grains: coins were acceptable at face value down to a weight of...

a history of money from ad 800 phần 4 potx

... 214 Caracalla replaced it as the standard coin by a double denariusintrinsically worth about one and a half of the current pieces.He says that the Emperor Gallienius (253 68 )abandoned all restraint ... Conference. Substantial evidence on the advantages of an international currency was accepted by the Commission.Smaller manufacturers and traders are deterred from engaging in foreigntransactions by ... the market price of the day’. This he regards as a modification of A HISTORY OF MONEY 105The system was in any case probably doomed to eventual failure. It hadsurvived fairly substantial (but...

a history of money from ad 800 phần 5 docx

... money was used, but still as a convenient means of money transmission, rather than a major component of money supply. Theperiod was also a great age of European music and drama and (more relevant) of ... who, starting with the simple concept of a trade fair as a meetingplace, developed what was virtually a separate political and legal system. Theynegotiated rights of trade, passage and protection ... million, and in 169 6 the ‘ingrafting of tallies’ had converted another £1 million. The EastIndia Company had been chartered in 169 8 in return for a loan of £2 million,and the Sword Blade Company had...

a history of money from ad 800 phần 7 docx

... beforethe National Land Bank legislation of 169 6. Money and Trade ConsideredThe above apart, John Law’s first pamphlet Proposals and Reasons forConstituting a Council of Trade was published ... 5 March 169 6 that a NationalLand Bank should be set up, and the Bill received the Royal Assent on 21April 169 6. The bank was to raise a loan of £2, 564 ,000 to the government at 7per cent, and ... ordered payment by way of precaution. And afterthe notice we only required about £100,000 instead of £200,000. From that day we had a market of comparative ease.(Evans 1848:87)The Bank did in fact...

a history of money from ad 800 phần 8 pptx

... records availableshow that, as a banker, he was capable of handling large transactions. Heappears to have operated successfully in accordance with the sound principleshe was later to write about. ... countenance the introduction of a paper money or a national bank, either of which can only produce a great evil and of which the memories alone are capable of frightening us because of theabuse and ... distinguishingbetween an advance of capital to merchants as an additional supply of currency to the general mass of circulating medium’ (page 50). The concept…that while the Bank is restrained from paying in...

a history of money from ad 800 phần 9 pps

... 1891and replaced by the Banco de la Nacion Argentina.BrazilThe situation was broadly similar to that in Argentina. Notes of the Bank of Brazil date from 1808. Gold and silver had disappeared, ... secret at Jekyll Island and drafted a Banking Bill, ‘the Aldrich plan’ (Congress was not told that Wall Streetbankers had had any part in drafting it). This would have created a NationalReserve Association ... were a part. Theyhad read about the great panics of the nineteenth century…andshuddered to think of what would happen in the event of a greatEuropean war. They shook their heads at the smallness...

a history of money from ad 800 phần 10 ppt

... 107–9Attwood, Thomas 69 , 154Augustus, Emperor 110Australia 69 , 168 Austria:banking and finance in 2 56, 266 ;coinage in 23, 65 , 82, 88, 213;inconvertible paper money in 2 56 60 Avilla, Count ... 138–1Asquith, Herbert H., Earl of Oxford 264 assayed value of coinage 10, 11Assignation Banks (Russia) 255Assignats (France) 220–8;failures of 225–9;value of 228Astor, John Jacob 160 Athens ... Pence 125St Phalle, Thibaut de 262 , 263 Sapian 10Sargent 266 Saul, S.R. 98Sawbridge, Jacob 137Sayers, R.S. 264 Scandinavia:coinage in 16, 23,27–28, 65 , 88;in Sterling Area 268 ;see also SwedenSchlesinger,...

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