... Actu-ators A, 67, 1 7, 19 98, and Proc. IEEE, 86(8), 16 11 16 26, 19 98.)Detailed Design ModelsLarge number of degrees of freedom3-D SimulationFEM or BEM models Design Synthesis Models System ... Integratedmeasurement-modeling approaches for evaluating residual stress using microma-chined fixed-fixed beams, J. Microelectromechanical Syst., 11 (6), 743–753,December 2002.8. K.S .J. Pister, M.W. Judy, S.R. ... Fearing, Microfabricated hinges, SensorsActuators A, 33, 249–256, 19 92.9. R. Yeh, E .J. J. Kruglick, K.S .J. Pister, Surface micromachined components forarticulated microrobots, J. Microelectromechanical...