... Obstructive sleep apnea: implica-
tions for cardiac and vascular disease. JAMA 2003; 290 (14): 190 6– 191 4.
Shepard JWJ. ( 199 1). Atlas of Sleep Medicine. Futura, Mount Kisco, NY,
199 1.
Wittig RM, Zorick FJ, ... The
Report of an American Academy of Sleep Medicine Task Force. Sleep
199 ;22(5):667–6 89.
Arand D, Bonnet M, Hurwitz T, et al. The clinical use of the MSLT and MWT.
Sle...
... partialis continua in a 41-year-old patient with sub-
jective tingling and “twitching” noted at the corner of the left side of the mouth.
Note the rhythmic delta frequencies on the EEG that phase reverse ... it is often use-
ful to change the paper speed from 10 mm/sec to 30 mm/sec for bet-
ter identification of sleep spindles.
CHAPTER 6
160
FIGURE 5.13. BiPLEDs in a 37-year-old HIV-...
... figure above, bursts of 3- and 4-Hz dis-
charges (
arrows) were noted frequently during the PSG, particularly
in light stages of sleep.
Polysomnography
205
FIGURE 6.43. This is a 60-sec epoch demonstrating ... addi-
tion to the loss of alpha rhythm, there is appearance of slow,
rolling eye movements, mixed-frequency activity in the 2- to 7-Hz
range, and finally vertex waves.
Po...
... theta rhythm in an 18-year-old patient
while awake.
T
heta rhythms are composed of 4- to 7-Hz frequencies of varying
amplitude and morphologies. Approximately one-third of nor-
mal awake, young ... voltages of >75 µV, while stage 4
consists of delta present for >50% of the recording.
Normal EEG
37
Activation techniques are a useful part of EEG in clinical practice...
... 1. 5- to 3.0-Hz delta in a 66-year-old man
with encephalopathy that was unresponsive. The above example of EEG is rep-
resentative of the entire record. No reactivity was noted during the EEG.
C
ontinuous ... the absence of IEDs in
the scalp EEG compared to the intracranial EEG where they occur at 1/sec.
I
t is often said that a normal interictal EEG does not exclude a cli...
... fragmentation of the
generalized discharge in the majority of cases.
CHAPTER 3
90
FIGURE 3.20. Slow-spike-and-wave in a patient with Lennox-Gastaut
syndrome.
S
low-spike(or sharp)-and-wave discharges ... figure.
CHAPTER 4
98
GENERALIZED SEIZURES
FIGURE 3.17. A burst of generalized 3.5-Hz spike-and-slow waves in JME.
S
pike-and-slow-wave complexes that have a repetition rate of &...
... 2001;18(5):442–455.
Verma A, Radtke R. EEG of partial seizures. J Clin Neurophysiol 2006;23:
333–3 39.
Westmoreland BF. The EEG findings in extratemporal seizures. Epilepsia
199 8; 39( Suppl 4):S1–S8.
CHAPTER ... drowsiness and light non-REM sleep. A frequent ictal pat-
tern of mesial temporal origin is the sudden appearance of localized
or regional background attenuation, build-u...
... arrow).
S
tage REM is characterized by the appearance of low-amplitude,
mixed-frequency EEG activity, EMG atonia, and rapid eye move-
ments. EEG activity is similar to that seen in stage I sleep; ... a 30-sec epoch showing the start of stage REM and
saw tooth waves.
S
aw tooth waves (arrows) are 2- to 5-Hz vertex negative sharp
waves that often occur in a series. They can be precu...