... thus before surgery, the patients are inevitably exposed to dry month and hunger. In Japan, pre-operative fluid and electrolyte management is usually performed by intravenous therapy, and the ... creatinine, hematocrit, vital signs, preoperative urine volume, urinary sodium, and urinary creatinine. Vital signs were analyzed using the repeat-ed-measures analysis of variance and the Dunnett ... at the Japanese Society of Anaesthesiologists 53rd Annual Meeting, Sapporo, Japan (May 2007) and at the 23rd Japanese Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, Kyoto, Japan (February 2008)....