... disease activity, and the suppressive function of
these cells was intact in cultures without antigen-presenting
cells. The functional activity of both patient and healthy
control Tregs, however, ... from
becoming Th17 proinflammatory effector cells. Depletion of
Review
Regulatory T cells in systemic lupus erythematosus:
past, present and future
David A Horwitz
Divi...
... toxicities have emerged. One trivial possibility is that
the binding of CD22 changes little in the organism, and thus
the current randomized controlled trial may fail to find
evidence for therapeutic ... even the fall in B cells
in peripheral blood is quite modest and inconsistent (Figure 5
in [1]), there is at present no obvious way to follow patients
for physiological effect...
... healthy individuals, where they
retain their capacity to initiate autoimmune inflammation [2],
negative selection in the thymus is not sufficient to prevent
the activation of self-reactive T cells ... occurred in the
culture of PBMC derived from anti-TNF-treated patients with
RA that were depleted of Tregs [38]. Together, these data
might underline the potential role of cytokines in...
... anti-dsDNA antibodies are pathophysio-
logically involved in other clinical manifestations. Recent
findings that intrathecal binding of anti-dsDNA antibodies
to the NR2 glutamate receptor induces ... clinically
relevant antibodies occurs. If anti-DNA antibody
pathogenicity is determined by the interaction between
antibody and tissue-specific antigens, the selection
principle and/ or the...
... significance.
Tyk2 is a Janus-family tyrosine kinase that is bound to cytokine
receptors and becomes activated after ligand binding. Defi-
ciency of TYK2 leads to defects of multiple cytokine pathways,
including ... effect in women and men.
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Authors' contributions
MS-G participated in design of the stud...
... ±
7.5 years), of whom there were three taking methotrexate
alone, two taking methotrexate plus an anti-TNF, one taking
methotrexate and leflunomide, two taking methotrexate and
abatacept and one ... between that study
and other studies concerning IL-17 and TH-17 cells (including
the work presented here) is not clear, although it is possible
that differences in patient selection...
... proliferative ability in an
uncommitted state while retaining the potential to
differentiate along various lineages of mesenchymal origin,
including chondrocyte, osteoblast, and adipocyte lineages, in
response ... immunosuppressive and
anti-inflammatory functions that have been demonstrated
both in vitro and in vivo. Due to the scarcity of MSCs,
especially the apparent decrease...
... on the other.
Bearing that GAD and TRD patients often
present negative emotions in mind, we have hy-
pothesized that these subjects would bisect lines fur-
ther leftward than the healthy volunteers ... bisection error to the left of the true center has been
interpreted as a relative right hemisphere activation, which might relate to the subject’s
emotional state. Considering that pat...
... patient was taking
cetirizine and another was taking amitriptyline at the
time of skin testing. These medications may have
blunted the skin test response. Other common concomi-
tant medications ... important, we argue that with
allergy skin prick testing and intradermal testing with
insect venoms and penicillin, the risk of anaphylaxis is
so low that testing can be completed safely on m...
... population. We based this hypothesis on
thefactthatitwasshownthatIQpredictstermination
from treatment; that is, patients with a higher IQ are
more likely to remain in psychological treatment [14].
Methods
Search ... contributed to drafting the manuscript. DS contributed to the
design of the study, performed the statistical analyses, drafted the results
section and critically reviewed the...