... (1994) 12 J Energy and Natural Resources Law 128 .8In particular, the Erica,theExxon Valdez,theAmoco Cadiz and the Torre y Canyon. See P Birnie and A Boyle,International Law and the Environment, Oxford ... countries, on the one hand, and eastern European and other nations whichwere formerly part of the USSR, on the other hand. The purpose of the Charterwastoencourage investment and trade in the energy ... 12 J Energy and Natural Resources Law 4; E Smith and D Cluchey, ‘GATT, NAFTA and the Trade in Energy: A US Perspective’ (1994) 12 J Energy and Natural Resources Law 27 ;DMacDougall,‘Trade in Energy...