EARTH SCIENCES - Notable Research and Discoveries Part 5 docx

... helium-3 (which has three particles in the nucleus, two protons and one neu-tron) and helium-4 (which has two protons and two neutrons in the FOS _Earth Science_DC.indd 80 2/8/10 10 :58 :34 AM 85 two ... a crescent-shaped island near Maui, Hawaii (Ron Chapple/Getty Images)FOS _Earth Science_DC.indd 76 2/8/10 10 :58 :02 AM earth ScienceS 88Austral Islands, Tahiti, Marquesas Islands, and Pitcairn ... hypothesis.Volcanoes and hot SpotsFOS _Earth Science_DC.indd 93 2/8/10 10 :58 :38 AM earth ScienceS 78the site of important observations and studies, as described in the fol-lowing sidebar. e Hawaiian Islands...

... FOS _Earth Science_DC.indd 152 2/8/10 10 :59 :18 AM171anks to the work of Lawson, Reid, and numerous other research- ers, geologists now have a good idea how and why earthquakes occur. But earthquakes ... scale.Predicting EarthquakesFOS _Earth Science_DC.indd 1 65 2/8/10 10 :59 :33 AM earth ScienceS 160shaking, though there is still danger from ying objects and buckling oors, and a powerful earthquake ... groundwater dis-charge and storage, runo, inltration, precipitation, springs, water vapor in the atmosphere, evaporation, and many others.FOS _Earth Science_DC.indd 156 2/8/10 10 :59 :19 AM earth ScienceS 164May...

... bibliographical references and index. ISBN 97 8-0 -8 16 0-7 44 2-6 (hardcover) ISBN 97 8-1 -4 38 1-2 96 8-6 (e-book) 1. Geology. 2. Earth sciences. I. Title QE501.K527 2010 55 0—dc22 2009020269Facts On File books ... Cataloging-in-Publication DataKirkland, Kyle. Earth sciences: notable research and discoveries / Kyle Kirkland. p. cm.—(Frontiers of science) Includes bibliographical references and index. ... calculated Earth s diameter by INTRODUCTIONFOS _Earth Science_DC.indd 15 2/8/10 10 :56 :20 AM earth ScienceS xcomputer science Earth sciencemarine sciencephysicsspace and astronomyweather and climatee...

... lithosphere, and is hot enough to deform or  ow. An important component of this  ow is a slow up -and- Two plates separate and move apart to form part of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.FOS _Earth Science_DC.indd ... expanded their knowledge and expertise into all aspects of Earth science, environmental issues, and biological phenomena. USGS em-ploys 10,000 researchers and support staff to study and un-derstand ... University of Cali - fornia, Los Angeles, and Christine omas of the University of Liver-•FOS _Earth Science_DC.indd 14 2/8/10 10 :56 :34 AM earth ScienceS 20phase at certain temperatures and pressures,...

... directly on Earth s axis, but instead is a small distance away. A compass Origin and Variability of Earth s Magnetic FieldFOS _Earth Science_DC.indd 37 2/8/10 10 :56 :55 AM earth ScienceS 40page ... hypothesizes that Earth contains a metal core sur-rounded by a rocky mantle.Exploring Earth s Depths FOS _Earth Science_DC.indd 29 2/8/10 10 :56 :52 AM earth ScienceS 38FOS _Earth Science_DC.indd ... the axis of rotation (North and South Poles).Origin and Variability of Earth s Magnetic FieldFOS _Earth Science_DC.indd 39 2/8/10 10 :57 :31 AM earth ScienceS 42If Earth was a huge bar magnet,...

... in the water. Silica, the sandy mate - rial that is used for glassmaking and other applications, is a common FOS _Earth Science_DC.indd 114 2/8/10 10 :58 :59 AM earth ScienceS 102ExPloItInG GEotHERMal ... two fluids.(continued)FOS _Earth Science_DC.indd 106 2/8/10 10 :58 :57 AM earth ScienceS 120Ltd., an Australian energy company, completed drilling a 13,8 4 5- foot (4,221-m) well at Cooper Basin in ... Sudurnesja, Landsvirkjun, and Orkuveita Reyk - javíkur and the National Energy Authority of Iceland, plans to drill holes up to 16,400 feet (5, 000 m) to reach the hot uid on the margins of the mid-ocean...