... in all of these conditions [22]. In the trau-matically injured brain, however, the synthesis of MT1and MT2, as well as the synthesis of GIF, are up-regu-lated by reactive astrocytes in the vicinity ... lossin the AD brain. Further investigation of the increasedneurotrophic activity of the AD brain revealed that itcorrelated with the loss of a specific neuroinhibitoryfactor, rather than the presence ... fineprocesses of these cells. Astrocytic synthesis of GIFis mainly found in the cortex, brainstem and spinalcord [6].Additionally however, there are also consistentreports of neuronal synthesis of GIF,...