... the
synovium, in ligaments especially near their insertions, in bone,
in muscle, and in the outer third of the meniscus in the knee. In
an unusual study in which the lead investigator became the
study subject ... provided
new insights into how OA may be successfully managed.
The symptoms of osteoarthritis: pain and
instability
The pain of OA is activity-rel...
... consequence of the activation of many cell populations
and, ultimately, of the upregulation of proinflammatory cyto-
kines [19,20]. By whichever means they themselves become
activated, they induce ... 1
Composite indices are the best depicters of
disease activity. The degree of disease activity
at the start of a disease-modifying therapy is a
major determinant of th...
... by
type I IFN.
A randomized placebo-controlled study of the withdrawal of
hydroxychloroquine treatment in clinically stable SLE patients
was published in 1991 by the Canadian Hydroxychloroquine
Study ... JL,
Cividino A, Danoff D, Osterland CK, Yeadon C, Smith CD: A
long-term study of hydroxychloroquine withdrawal on exacer-
bations in systemic lupus erythematosus. The Canadi...
... or
inhibitors of inflammatory cytokines.
Degeneration of articular cartilage in osteoarthritis:
inflammation
The role played by inflammatory cytokines and mediators
produced by joint tissues in ... hypertrophy and hyperplasia, with
an increased number of lining cells, often accompanied by
infiltration of the sublining tissue with scattered foci of
lymphocytes [68]. Synovitis...
... local
regulation has increased over the past 10 years through the
discovery of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. The Wnt
family of glycoproteins represents a major signaling pathway
that is involved in cellular ... as an inflammatory arthritis in which joint
inflammation results in bone deterioration. In RA, the pro-
inflammatory cytokine TNF-α is critical in drivin...
... responses. Furthermore, immune complexes of ANAs
can drive the production of proinflammatory cytokines, inducing the
‘interferon signature’, and intensifying disease. Together, these
findings point to ... entirety of the immune system. Some of these may
be genetically determined, whereas others arise secondarily
in response to events such as infection. Not surprisingly,
deline...
... knowledge of the
pivotal role played by cytokines during the effector stages of
human disease; has been instrumental in clarifying the place
of cytokines in the maintenance and chronicity of inflamma-
tion; ... citrullination may play a role in the
initiation of an immune response. The finding that Asian RA
patients are more likely to have inherited an enzyme varia...
... respectively) of
clinical symptoms. Andrei Calin, of Bath, UK, had started this
kind of work in the early 90s with the definition of the Bath
Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) ... over the last 10 years both in
the clinical and scientific understanding of the spondyloarthritides
(SpA), which can be separated in predominantly axial and
pre...
... as a pyrin domain (PYD) in
other proteins that have homology with pyrin’s N-terminal
sequence [12]. Members of the death domain superfamily are
involved in the assembly and activation of apoptotic ... characterised by fluctuating or
irregularly recurring episodes of fever and systemic inflam-
mation, affecting the skin, eyes, joints, and serosal surfaces.
They include the he...
... studying the role of
immune cells in myositis exists. Thus, a possible way to
investigate the molecular pathways in inflammatory myo-
pathies is to analyse the molecular expression patterns in the
target ... nonimmune-mediated
dysfunction of muscle fibres is the so-called ‘endoplasmic
reticulum (ER) stress response’. The folding, exporting, and
processing of newly synt...