... case–control study was conducted to investigate
the relationship between smoking and rheumatoid arthritis, and
to investigate formally the interaction between sex, smoking,
and risk for developing rheumatoid ... article
Smoking–gender interaction and risk for rheumatoid arthritis
Eswar Krishnan
1
, Tuulikki Sokka
2,3
, Pekka Hannonen
2
1
Department of Medicine, Stanf...
... 2.0
Software (Clontech), developed specifically for analysis of
the Atlas cDNA expression arrays. All spots were individu-
ally checked by hand to ensure accuracy of the detection
method. A dot was considered ... inflam-
mation. In support of this hypothesis, Choe and colleagues
showed that innate immune functions via TLR-4 may
perpetuate inflammatory mechanisms and bypass the need
for...
... synergy across distinct tissue
events. In particular, cytokine mediated pathology may be
distinct in cartilage and bone as opposed to synovial
tissue or draining lymph node. For many given cytokines,
establishing ... tissue cell lineages including keratinocytes,
osteoclasts and chondrocytes [2]. Importantly, IL-18 often
acts in synergy rather than independently, and for some
activit...
... number not for citation purposes)
TLR ligands, including lipopolysaccharide, mycobacterial and
yeast products, proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, TNF
and IL-6, as well as other potentially harmful ... by similar and simultaneous triggers to NF-κB.
Introduction
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by systemic and
synovial tissue chronic inflammation, and by bone and...
... is
upregulated by inflammatory cytokines in both chondrocytes
and synovial cells and by hypoxia [166,167], and Vegfb
knockout mice are protected against synovial angiogenesis in
the CIA and AIA models ... (RANKL), which is produced by synoviocytes and
T cells in RA synovium [179] and mediates osteoclast
differentiation and activity, may partly account for the capacity
of IL-17...
... IL-1-induced IL-6 and leukemia inhibitory factor
production by rheumatoid arthritis synoviocytes and its regu-
lation by Th2 cytokines. J Immunol 1998, 161:409-414.
40. Ziolkowska M, Koc A, Luszczykiewicz ... Ross EJ, Lee CY, Akbar AN, Lord
JM, Gordon C, Buckley CD, Salmon M: Early rheumatoid arthri-
tis is characterized by a distinct and transient synovial fluid
cytokine profile of...
... scientific understanding of rheumatoid
arthritis
Jörg J Goronzy and Cornelia M Weyand
Lowance Center for Human Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, ... KJ, Kent PD, Frye RL, Lymp JF, Kopecky SL, Goronzy
JJ, Weyand CM: Rheumatoid arthritis is an independent risk
factor for multi-vessel coronary artery disease: a case control
st...
... Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.
3. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.
4. Department of Anatomy II: Experimental Morphology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, ... airways with P. aerugi-
nosa is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in
the majority of CF patients (1). This pathogen colonises
the airways and lungs often i...
... Patients were evaluated by a
research psychiatrist weekly during the first 6 weeks,
biweekly for the next 4 weeks, and weekly for the final
Yang et al. Annals of General Psychiatry 2010, 9:10
http://www.annals-general-psychiatry.com/content/9/1/10
Page ... dosages were 10 mg/day for
the first week, 20 mg/day for weeks 2 to 4, 40 mg/day
for weeks 4 to 8, and 60 mg/day for weeks...
... might appear as
type B synoviocytes and promote synovitis [23]. Alternatively,
they could travel via the systemic circulation to the
subchondral bone marrow and initiate inflammatory and pre-
erosive ... unusual sensitivity to TNFα. (b) Stem cells differentiate into fibroblast-like cells and travel via the circulation to
synovial membrane to become type B synoviocytes - here they medi...