... Isn't there a student discount? ll! REQUESTING COMPLAINING ADVISING CONFIRMING etc. Conversely, the same intention can be conveyed through various surface expressions, as in the following ... English. In other words, even without knowledge of the context of an utterance, knowledge of communicstive strategies of language and their expression patterns allow the derivation of intentions ... The authors are grateful to Dr. Kurematsu, the president of ATR Interpreting Telephony Research Labs, Dr. Aizawa, the head of the Linguistic Processing Department, and all the members of...