... nemorosa, Arum maculatum, Glecho-ma hederacea, Ajuga reptens, Paris quadrifolia,Athyrium filix-femina, Deschampsia cespitosa,Filipendula ulmaria et Valeriana officinalis subspcollina. ... then silty clay soil materials, which had accumulated to a depth of 4 m above karstifiedcalcareous rock. The soil and the underlying layers permitted the root system ... spreading have been measured in 150-yr old common oaks (Quer-cus robur) growing on colluvial leached brown soil. A parallel study was also performed on the clayey silt...