FUNDAMENTALS OF DATABASE SYSTEMS Fourth Edition phần 1 potx

... Structures, andHashing 411 13 .1 Introduction 412 13 .2 Secondary Storage Devices 13 .3 Bufferingof Blocks 4 21 13.4 Placing File Records on Disk 13 .5 OperationsonFiles 427 13 .6 Filesof Unordered Records ... illustrateourdiscussion.Section 1. 3describessome of themaincharacteristics of database systems, andSections 1. 4and 1. 5categorizethetypes of personnelwhose jobsinvolveusingandinteractingwith database systems. Sections 1. 6, 1. 7,and 1. 8 offer amorethoroughdiscussion ... summarizesthechapter.Thereaderwhodesiresonlyaquickintroductionto database systems canstudySections 1. 1through 1. 5,thenskip or browsethroughSections 1. 6through 1. 8andgoontoChapter2. 1. 1INTRODUCTIONDatabasesand database technologyarehavingamajorimpactonthegrowing...

... Files 11 5 5.7 Files of Unordered Records (Heap Files) 11 7 5.8 Files of Ordered Records (Sorted Files) 11 8 5.9 Hashing Techniques 12 0 5 .10 Other Primary File Organizations 12 6 5 .11 Summary 12 6 ... Organizations 10 0 5 .1 Introduction 10 1 5.2 Secondary Storage Devices 10 3 5.3 Parallelizing Disk Access Using RAID Technology 10 7 5.4 Buffering of Blocks 11 1 5.5 Placing File Records on Disk 11 1 5.6 ... Database Systems 379 13 .1 Evolution and Current Trends of Database Technology 380 13 .2 The Informix Universal Server 3 81 13 .3 Object-Relational Features of Oracle 8 395 13 .4 An Overview of...

... outtherole of datadictionaries. RozenandShasha (19 91) and CarlisandMarch (19 84)present different models fortheproblem of physical database design. 16 .2 AnOverview of Database Tuning ... *ro)/bfrEO)= 13 + (13 * 2000) +« (1/ 125)* 10 ,000 * 12 5/4) = 28, 513 3. UsingMethodJ2withEMPLOYEEas outer loop:Cl l c=bE+(rE*(XDNUMBER+ 1) ) +«jsoP6 *rE *ro)/bfrED= 2000 + (10 ,000 ... +« (1/ 125)* 10 ,000 * 12 5/4) = 24,5004. UsingMethodJ2withDEPARTMENTas outer loop:Cl l a= bo+ (ro *(XONO+SONO))+«jsOP6*rE *ro)/bfrED)= 13 + (12 5 * (2 +80))+« (1/ 125)* 10 ,000...

... 9876543 21 1995- 01- 01 Headquarters 1 888665555 19 81- 06 -19 IWORKS_ONESSNPNOHOURS 12 3456789 1 32.5 12 3456789 2 7.5666884444 3 40.0453453453 1 20.04534534532 20.0333445555 2 10 .0333445555 3 10 .0333445555 10 10 .0333445555 ... Alice F 19 86-04-05 DAUGHTER333445555 TheodoreM 19 83 -10 -25SON333445555JoyF 19 58-05-03 SPOUSE9876543 21 Abner M 19 42-02-28SPOUSE 12 3456789 Michael M 19 88- 01- 04SON 12 3456789Alice F 19 88 -12 -30 ... 749 -12 53 25 3.53Barbara Benson533-69 -12 38 839-84 61 7384 Fontana Lanenull 19 3.25Charles Cooper 489-22 -11 00376-98 21 265 Lark Lane 749-649228 3.93Katherine Ashly 3 81- 62 -12 45 375-4409 12 5...

... 333445555 2 10 .0Computerization 10 333445555 10 10 .0Computerization 10 999887777 10 10 .0Computerization 10 987987987 10 35.0Reorganization20 33344555520 10 .0Reorganization209876543 21 20 15 .0Reorganization20888665555 ... 2 12 345678927.5ProductY2453453453220.0ProductY23334455552 10 .0ProductZ 3666884444340.0ProductZ33334455553 10 .0Computerization 10 333445555 10 10 .0Computerization 10 999887777 10 10 .0Computerization 10 987987987 10 35.0Reorganization2033344555520 10 .0Reorganization209876543 21 ... 310 00 1 155000Result of0 24.GroupingEMPLOYEE tuplesbythevalueof DNa.(b)PNAMEPNUMBERESSNPNOHOURSProductX 1 123456789 1 32.5Productx 1 453453453 1 20.0ProductY 2 12 345678927.5ProductY2453453453220.0ProductY23334455552 10 .0ProductZ...

... guideline.Smith,JohnB.English,JoyceA.Smith,JohnB.English,JoyceA.Wong,FranklinT.Narayan,RameshK.Wong,FranklinT.Smith,JohnB.English,JoyceA.Smith,JohnB.English,JoyceA.Wong,FranklinT.Smith,JohnB.English,JoyceA.Wong,FranklinT.Narayan,RameshK.Wong,FranklinT.Wong,FranklinT.Narayan,RameshK.Wong,FranklinT.ENAMEBellaireBellaireSugarlandSugarlandSugarlandHoustonHoustonBellaireBellaireSugarlandSugarlandSugarlandSugarlandSugarlandSugarlandHoustonHoustonStaffordHoustonHoustonPLaCATIONPNAMEProductXProductXProductYProductYProductYProductZProductZProductXProductXProductYProductYProductYProductYProductYProductYProductZProductZComputerizationReorganizationReorganization32.532.57.57.57.540.040.020.020.020.020.020.0 10 .0 10 .0 10 .0 10 .0 10 .0 10 .0 10 .0 10 .0HOURSSSN___IPNUMBER I 1 122233 1 122222233 10 2020 12 3456789 12 3456789 12 3456789 12 3456789 12 3456789666884444666884444453453453453453453453453453453453453453453453333445555333445555333445555333445555333445555333445555333445555333445555FIGURE 10 .6 ... ID#COUNTY_NA_M_E~FD1I t~+ I I t; IFD2LOTS1AXLOTS1AYPROPERTYID#AREALOT#(b)R~FD1! IFD2't JFIGURE 10 .12 Boyce-Codd normal form. (a)BCNFnormalization of LOTS1Awiththefunctionaldependency ... we discuss inSection 11 .1. 2. We deferthepresentation of theformalconceptsand techniquesthatguaranteetheabove two properties toChapter 11 . 10 .3.2Practical Use of Normal FormsMostpractical...

... ErrorsSeekErrors(courtesySeagar«Technology) 1, 200,000 Hours 10 per 10 12 bits 1 per 10 15 bits 10 per 10 8bits 1, 200,000 Hours 10 per 10 12 bits 1 per 10 15 bits 10 per 10 8bitsSometimes several contiguous ... usedtorefertounorderedfiles. 12 .5Automated Database Design Tools I 4 01 FIGURE 12 .16 The class OM_EMPLOYEEcorrespondingtothetable Employee inFigure 12 .14 . 12 .5AUTOMATED DATABASE DESIGN TOOLSThe database design ... themainbucketsnullnulloverflowbucketsnull34 01 46 01 Irecordpointer~"::'v:9 81 recordpointer 1 3 21 recordpointer7 61 182recordpointer 91 Irecordpointer·(··22652recordpointerr172recordpointer522recordpointerIrecordpointerbucket0bucket 1 bucket2(pointersaretorecordswithintheoverflowblocks)39 91 89 1 Irecordpointer&apos ;1 bucket9"::'nullFIGURE 13 .10 Handlingoverflowfor...

... available systems includedGEMSTONE/OPAL of GemStone Systems, ONTOS of Ontos,Objectivity of Objectivity Inc.,Versant of VersantObjectTechnology,ObjectStore of ObjectDesign,ARDENT of ARDENTSoftware,"andPOET of POETSoftware.Theserepresent ... T 1 read_item(A)read_item(O)write_item(O)T2read_item(B)write_item(B)read_item(O)write_item(O)T~__read_item(C)write3em(B)read_item(A)write_item(A) 19 .1 Recovery Concepts I 617 (b) A B30 15 C40o20[startjransactlon,T3][read_item, T3,C][write_item, T3,B, 15 ,12 ][starttransaction,T2][read_item, T2,B][write_item,T2,B, 12 ,18 ][starUransaction ,1; ][read_item,T 1, A][read_item, 1; ,0][write_item, ... forObjectDatabasesin:'"tuplePROJECTSEMPLOYEESi3:~3atomv3Sugarlandis: as)+ ,tuple"r"~ 1 1: 1 12:2atom atomV 1 v2Houston Bellaire;'f;'ri3:i 10 :0 10 atom...

... forthedesignandprotection of statisticaldatabases.Theseinclude McLeish (19 89),ChinandOzsoyoglu (19 81) , Leiss (19 82),Wong (19 84),andDenning (19 80).Ghosh (19 84) discussestheuse of statistical databases ... ApplicationsEMP_VTSUPERVISOR_SSNSmith 12 3456789250005 333445555 2002-06 -15 2003-05- 31 Smith 12 3456789300005 333445555 2003-06- 01 nowWong33344555525000 4999887777 19 99-08-20 20 01- 01- 31 Wong333445555300005 999887777 20 01- 02- 01 2002-03- 31 Wong333445555400005 ... in a database. Becausepart of thetheoretical foundation for some deductive database systems ismathematicallogic, such rules are often referred to as logic databases.Othertypes of systems, ...

... SiegelandMadnick (19 91) , Krishnamurthy et al. (19 91) ,andWangandMadnick (19 89).Castanoet al. (19 98) present anexcellentsurvey of techniques for analysis of schemas. Pitoura et al. (19 95) discuss ... objectorientationin multidatabase systems. Transaction processing in multidatabases is discussed inMehrotraet al. (19 92),Georgakopoulos et al. (19 91) , Elmagarmid et al. (19 90),andBrietbart et al. (19 90),among ... inconjunctionwithdistributed databases.Weikum (19 91) discusses multilevel transaction management.Alonsoet al. (19 97) discuss limitations of currentworkflow systems. Anumber of experimental distributedDBMSshavebeenimplemented....